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Research Article
Agronomic and Quality Responses of Durum Wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. Durum) Varieties to Varying Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates in Bishoftu, Ethiopia
Sisay Eshetu*,
Bizuwork Tafes
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, June 2025
Pages:
1-14
Received:
25 January 2024
Accepted:
8 May 2024
Published:
21 March 2025
Abstract: In the 2021 cropping season, an experiment was conducted to enhance productivity and refine the grain quality of durum wheat varieties by identifying the optimal N-fertilizer rate in Ethiopia's central highlands. The treatments included five N fertilizer levels with recommended P2O5 (0, 46, 69, 92, and 115 kg ha-1), alongside an absolute control group (no NP fertilizer application), and three durum wheat varieties (Utuba, Et cross -21, and Mangudo). Employing a design featuring randomized complete blocks in triplicate, the analysis of variance indicated that aboveground biomass yield, grain yield and straw yield were harvested significantly influenced by the main effect of nitrogen fertilizer level (P<0.01). The highest aboveground biomass (12975.0 kg/ha-1) and straw yield (8312.2 kg/ha-1) occurred at the highest nitrogen rate (115 kg ha-1), while the maximum grain yield (4786.1 kg ha-1) was observed at 69 kg N/ha. Additionally, factors like leaf area index, total tillers, productive tillers, thousand seeds weight, and lodging index were significantly impacted by the combined influence of nitrogen fertilizer application and different durum wheat varieties. The results demonstrated that applying 69 kg N ha-1 yielded the highest economic benefit of 180782.4 ETB ha-1 with an acceptable marginal rate of return of 3277.8%. Thus, it is concluded that applying 69 kg N ha-1 along with the three durum wheat varieties led to economically profitable yield production. However, to provide more conclusive recommendations, the experiment should be repeated across multiple locations and seasons, incorporating balanced nutrient management.
Abstract: In the 2021 cropping season, an experiment was conducted to enhance productivity and refine the grain quality of durum wheat varieties by identifying the optimal N-fertilizer rate in Ethiopia's central highlands. The treatments included five N fertilizer levels with recommended P2O5 (0, 46, 69, 92, and 115 kg ha-1), alongside an absolute control gr...
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Review Article
Review on Water Requirement and Utilization in Farm Animal
Abebe Mosneh*
,
Muluken Getachew
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, June 2025
Pages:
15-23
Received:
8 March 2025
Accepted:
31 March 2025
Published:
28 April 2025
Abstract: This paper aimed to review the role, requirements, utilization and water balance of livestock; dairy cows, sheep, beef cows, horses and chickens. Water is composed of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom represented by H2O. Water is the most essential nutrient, accounting for more than 50% and 75% of the body weight of old and young animals, respectively. It supports all vital functions of livestock digestion, transportation and absorption of nutrients and waste excretion, maintenance of blood volume and circulation, thermoregulation, reproduction, organ lubrication, different cell functions and chemical reactions/metabolism, electrolyte balance, growth and development, production. Water needs vary depending on such characteristics as species, sex, species, age, production level, and environmental conditions, diet composition, activity; livestock health conditions affect daily water requirements and utilization of farm Animal. Water quality is another important factor that affects livestock performance, as contaminants may affect metabolism, growth, reproduction, and water consumption. A good water management is essential to optimize animal health and productivity. Maintaining water balance is crucial to preventing physiological disorders. Animals obtain water from food, feed, and metabolic processes, and loss occurs through urine, excrement, milk, eggs, sweating, and breathing. Understanding the dynamics of water use can help improve the efficiency of livestock and sustainable livestock production systems.
Abstract: This paper aimed to review the role, requirements, utilization and water balance of livestock; dairy cows, sheep, beef cows, horses and chickens. Water is composed of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom represented by H2O. Water is the most essential nutrient, accounting for more than 50% and 75% of the body weight of old and young animals, resp...
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Research Article
Response of Haricot Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Varieties to NPSB Fertilizer Rates in Buno Bedele Zone, Southwestern Oromia, Ethiopia
Alemayehu Abdeta*,
Garoma Firdisa,
Mohammed Tesiso
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, June 2025
Pages:
24-34
Received:
22 February 2025
Accepted:
19 April 2025
Published:
22 May 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijbc.20251001.13
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Views:
Abstract: Haricot bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) is one of the most important pulse crops contributing to food security and livelihoods for the majority of farmers in Ethiopia. However, low soil fertility and absence of recovering package practices are major constraints that limit the production and productivity of haricot bean in the study area. Therefore, the study was conducted to determine the optimum NPSB rates and identify the best performing haricot bean varieties that reply successfully to a specific application rate of NPSB fertilizers and select economically viable treatment/s that can increase the productivity of haricot bean. Factorial combination of five levels of NPSB (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg ha-1) and two Haricot bean varieties (SER-119 and SER-125) were laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The results shown that plant height, number of pods per plant, number of seed per pod, 100 seed weight and grain yield were significantly affected by main effect of varieties. Likewise, number of pod per plant, plant height, and grain yield (1574.9 kg ha-1) were significantly affected by the main effects of NPSB fertilizer rates. The highest net benefit (55357.2 Birr ha-1) and Marginal Rate of Return (358.61%) were obtained from SER-125 variety applied with the combination of 100 kg NPSB ha-1. Therefore, producing haricot bean with the application of 100 kg NPSB ha-1 was most productive for economical production. Furthermore, emphasis and consideration are required to the issue in future research studies; since the soil is dominantly acidic, there the limiting macro and micro nutrients in the study area, and therefore, more attention must be given to treating the soil by lime.
Abstract: Haricot bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) is one of the most important pulse crops contributing to food security and livelihoods for the majority of farmers in Ethiopia. However, low soil fertility and absence of recovering package practices are major constraints that limit the production and productivity of haricot bean in the study area. Therefore, the...
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Research Article
Effect of Organic Amendments on Micronutrients (Fe, Zn and Cu) Uptake by Tomato (Lycopersicon Esculentum Miller) Plant
Dagne Bekele Bahiru*,
Lejalem Abeble Dagnaw,
Mohammed Yimam
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, June 2025
Pages:
35-44
Received:
24 February 2025
Accepted:
24 April 2025
Published:
29 May 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijbc.20251001.14
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: This study explores the effectiveness of organic amendments animal manure, compost, and vermicompost in reducing the accumulation of trace heavy metals (Fe, Zn, and Cu) in tomatoes grown in contaminated soil collected from the Akaki River area. The experiment was conducted over two consecutive growing seasons (2019/2020 and 2020/2021), with organic materials applied at concentrations of 3%, 6%, and 9%. The results demonstrated that all three organic amendments significantly reduced heavy metal concentrations in both the soil and tomato fruits compared to the untreated control. Among the amendments, vermicompost proved to be the most effective in lowering the uptake of heavy metals, followed by compost and then animal manure. Specifically, the application of 9% vermicompost decreased iron concentrations in tomato fruits from 461.67 mg/kg to 196.82 mg/kg, zinc from 5.75 mg/kg to 3.30 mg/kg, and copper from 12.17 mg/kg to 4.27 mg/kg in the 2019 season. Similar trends were observed in the 2020 season, confirming the consistency of the treatment effects. These reductions brought metal levels closer to or within the permissible limits established by FAO/WHO guidelines for safe food consumption. The study highlights the potential of organic amendments particularly vermicompost as an effective and sustainable strategy for mitigating heavy metal contamination in agricultural soils. By enhancing soil quality and reducing metal bioavailability, these organic treatments contribute to improved crop safety and promote environmentally sound agricultural practices, especially in areas affected by industrial pollution and wastewater irrigation.
Abstract: This study explores the effectiveness of organic amendments animal manure, compost, and vermicompost in reducing the accumulation of trace heavy metals (Fe, Zn, and Cu) in tomatoes grown in contaminated soil collected from the Akaki River area. The experiment was conducted over two consecutive growing seasons (2019/2020 and 2020/2021), with organic...
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