Incidences and Predictors of HIV Positivity among Infants who Born from HIV Positive Mother who Have Follow Up at Two Hospitals of Southern Ethiopia, 2014

Tariku Tadele; Alemu Tamiso; Tafese Tadele

doi:doi:10.11648/j.sjph.20140205.19

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Incidences and Predictors of HIV Positivity among Infants who Born from HIV Positive Mother who Have Follow Up at Two Hospitals of Southern Ethiopia, 2014

Tariku Tadele, Alemu Tamiso, Tafese Tadele

Published in Science Journal of Public Health (Volume 2, Issue 5)

Received: 8 August 2014 Accepted: 21 August 2014 Published: 10 September 2014

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Abstract

Introduction: Despite a dramatic progress in improvements regarding infant mortality due to HIV/AIDS in the past decades, HIV/AIDS is causing a devastating impact on the world’s children. Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) is by far the largest source of HIV infection in children under the age of 15, with 90% of the cases infected during pregnancy, birth, and major share is after birth.Therefore, this study follows infants after the first test (Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) testing) is negative, until the occurrences of HIV positivity and predictors associated with it in the two hospital of Southern Ethiopia. Objective: The aim was to assess the incidence, Survival experiences and predictors of HIV positivity among infants born from HIV positive mothers in two hospital of Southern Ethiopia, 2014. Methodology: Institution-Based Retrospective follow up study was conducted at Hawassa Referral and Yirgalem General Hospital from September 2000 to August 2005 E.C. Data was collected by trained BSc nurses from medical registration book of 485 exposed infants . It was entered in to EPI Info 3.5.1 and exported to SPSS version 20 for further analysis. Both Bivariate and Multiple variable Cox regression analysis were conducted to identify predictors. P-value< 0.05 was considered as level of significance. Results: Among 457 participants included under analysis contributed for 4249.4 Person Months of follow up. Cumulative and overall incidence rate of HIV positivity among infants were 19(4.16%) and 4.47/1000 PM (95% CI: 4.02-4.92) respectively. Mean HIV free survival time difference between Exclusive breast feeding 20.2 (95 % CI, 19.6, 20.8)), mixed feeding (17.5 (95% CI, 15.5-19.5)) and exclusive formula feeding 16.8 (95% CI, 16.3, 18.4) were significant. Mixed breast feeding (AHR: 8.23(1.98, 34.2)), ARV prophylaxis (yes) (AHR: 0.19(95% CI, 0.04-0.89)), Maternal HAART (AHR: 0.16(95% CI, .041, 0.59) and SdNVP + AZT+ 3TC (AHR: 0.113(95% CI: 0.02, 0.61)) intervention were independent predictors of HIV positivity among exposed infants. Conclusion: The risk of mother to child transmission of HIV is high for HIV exposed infants. All mothers should start PMTCT intervention as a guideline and it is better to discourage mixed infant feeding to prevent the upcoming infants from the HIV infection.

Published in	Science Journal of Public Health (Volume 2, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.sjph.20140205.19
Page(s)	431-439
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2014. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

HIV Positivity, Incidence Rate, Cox regression Model, Ethiopia

References

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[5]	CSA, ICF International: Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey 2011, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia and Calverton, Maryland, USA: Central Statistical Agency and ICF International; 2012.
[6]	FMoH: Guidelines for Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV in Ethiopia. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Federal HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control Office; 2007.
[7]	Michael A DD. Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV Infection. 2010.
[8]	Chowdhury M, Ahmed A, Kalim N, Koblinsky M. Causes of maternal mortality decline in Matlab, Bangladesh. J Health Popul Nutr 2009;27(2):108-123.
[9]	Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT). http://www.unicef.org/supply/index_42855.html.
[10]	MOH. Guidelines For Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV In Ethiopia Addis Abeba: 20O7.
[11]	Thorne C, Patel D, Fiore S, Peckham C, Newell M-L: Mother-to-child transmission of HIV infection in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis 2005, 40(3):458–465.
[12]	MoFED, Growth and Transformation Plan-Annual Progress Report (GTP-APR 2010/11), Addis Ababa, (2010/11), Ethiopia.
[13]	Coovadia HM, Rollins NC, Bland RM, Little K, Coutsoudis A, Bennish ML, et al. Mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 infection during exclusive breastfeeding in the first 6 months of life: an intervention cohort study. Lancet. 2007;369(9567):1107-16. Epub 2007/04/03.
[14]	Read JS, Samuel NM, Srijayanth P, Dharmarajan S, Van Hook HM, Jacob M, et al. Infants of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected women in rural south India: feeding patterns and risk of mother-to-child transmission. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2010;29(1):14-7. Epub 2009/11/17.
[15]	Koye Digisu ZB. Mother-to-child transmission of HIV and its predictors among HIV-exposed infants at aPMTCT clinic in northwest Ethiopia. BMC Public Health. 2011;13(398):6. Epub 2013.
[16]	Hoffman RM, Black V, Technau K, van der Merwe KJ, Currier J, Coovadia A, et al. Effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy duration and regimen on risk for mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Johannesburg, South Africa. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2010;54(1):35-41. Epub 2010/03/11.
[17]	Dabis F, Bequet L, Ekouevi DK, Viho I, Rouet F, Horo A, Sakarovitch C, Becquet R, Fassinou P, Dequae-Merchadou L, et al: Field efficacy of zidovudine, lamivudine and single-dose nevirapine to prevent peripartum HIV transmission. AIDS 2005, 19(3):309–318.
[18]	Mirkuzie AH, Hinderaker SG, Morkve O: Promising outcomes of a national programme for the prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission in Addis Ababa: a retrospective study. BMC Health Serv Res 2010, 10:267.

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APA Style

Tariku Tadele, Alemu Tamiso, Tafese Tadele. (2014). Incidences and Predictors of HIV Positivity among Infants who Born from HIV Positive Mother who Have Follow Up at Two Hospitals of Southern Ethiopia, 2014. Science Journal of Public Health, 2(5), 431-439. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20140205.19

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Tariku Tadele; Alemu Tamiso; Tafese Tadele. Incidences and Predictors of HIV Positivity among Infants who Born from HIV Positive Mother who Have Follow Up at Two Hospitals of Southern Ethiopia, 2014. Sci. J. Public Health 2014, 2(5), 431-439. doi: 10.11648/j.sjph.20140205.19

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AMA Style

Tariku Tadele, Alemu Tamiso, Tafese Tadele. Incidences and Predictors of HIV Positivity among Infants who Born from HIV Positive Mother who Have Follow Up at Two Hospitals of Southern Ethiopia, 2014. Sci J Public Health. 2014;2(5):431-439. doi: 10.11648/j.sjph.20140205.19

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@article{10.11648/j.sjph.20140205.19,
  author = {Tariku Tadele and Alemu Tamiso and Tafese Tadele},
  title = {Incidences and Predictors of HIV Positivity among Infants who Born from HIV Positive Mother who Have Follow Up at Two Hospitals of Southern Ethiopia, 2014},
  journal = {Science Journal of Public Health},
  volume = {2},
  number = {5},
  pages = {431-439},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjph.20140205.19},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20140205.19},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjph.20140205.19},
  abstract = {Introduction: Despite a dramatic progress in improvements regarding infant mortality due to HIV/AIDS in the past decades, HIV/AIDS is causing a devastating impact on the world’s children. Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) is by far the largest source of HIV infection in children under the age of 15, with 90% of the cases infected during pregnancy, birth, and major share is after birth.Therefore, this study follows infants after the first test (Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) testing) is negative, until the occurrences of HIV positivity and predictors associated with it in the two hospital of Southern Ethiopia. Objective: The aim was to assess the incidence, Survival experiences and predictors of HIV positivity among infants born from HIV positive mothers in two hospital of Southern Ethiopia, 2014. Methodology: Institution-Based Retrospective follow up study was conducted at Hawassa Referral and Yirgalem General Hospital from September 2000 to August 2005 E.C. Data was collected by trained BSc nurses from medical registration book of 485 exposed infants . It was entered in to EPI Info 3.5.1 and exported to SPSS version 20 for further analysis. Both Bivariate and Multiple variable Cox regression analysis were conducted to identify predictors. P-value< 0.05 was considered as level of significance. Results: Among 457 participants included under analysis contributed for 4249.4 Person Months of follow up. Cumulative and overall incidence rate of HIV positivity among infants were 19(4.16%) and 4.47/1000 PM (95% CI: 4.02-4.92) respectively. Mean HIV free survival time difference between Exclusive breast feeding 20.2 (95 % CI, 19.6, 20.8)), mixed feeding (17.5 (95% CI, 15.5-19.5)) and exclusive formula feeding 16.8 (95% CI, 16.3, 18.4) were significant. Mixed breast feeding (AHR: 8.23(1.98, 34.2)), ARV prophylaxis (yes) (AHR: 0.19(95% CI, 0.04-0.89)), Maternal HAART (AHR: 0.16(95% CI, .041, 0.59) and SdNVP + AZT+ 3TC (AHR: 0.113(95% CI: 0.02, 0.61)) intervention were independent predictors of HIV positivity among exposed infants. Conclusion: The risk of mother to child transmission of HIV is high for HIV exposed infants. All mothers should start PMTCT intervention as a guideline and it is better to discourage mixed infant feeding to prevent the upcoming infants from the HIV infection.},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Incidences and Predictors of HIV Positivity among Infants who Born from HIV Positive Mother who Have Follow Up at Two Hospitals of Southern Ethiopia, 2014
AU  - Tariku Tadele
AU  - Alemu Tamiso
AU  - Tafese Tadele
Y1  - 2014/09/10
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20140205.19
DO  - 10.11648/j.sjph.20140205.19
T2  - Science Journal of Public Health
JF  - Science Journal of Public Health
JO  - Science Journal of Public Health
SP  - 431
EP  - 439
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7950
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20140205.19
AB  - Introduction: Despite a dramatic progress in improvements regarding infant mortality due to HIV/AIDS in the past decades, HIV/AIDS is causing a devastating impact on the world’s children. Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) is by far the largest source of HIV infection in children under the age of 15, with 90% of the cases infected during pregnancy, birth, and major share is after birth.Therefore, this study follows infants after the first test (Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) testing) is negative, until the occurrences of HIV positivity and predictors associated with it in the two hospital of Southern Ethiopia. Objective: The aim was to assess the incidence, Survival experiences and predictors of HIV positivity among infants born from HIV positive mothers in two hospital of Southern Ethiopia, 2014. Methodology: Institution-Based Retrospective follow up study was conducted at Hawassa Referral and Yirgalem General Hospital from September 2000 to August 2005 E.C. Data was collected by trained BSc nurses from medical registration book of 485 exposed infants . It was entered in to EPI Info 3.5.1 and exported to SPSS version 20 for further analysis. Both Bivariate and Multiple variable Cox regression analysis were conducted to identify predictors. P-value< 0.05 was considered as level of significance. Results: Among 457 participants included under analysis contributed for 4249.4 Person Months of follow up. Cumulative and overall incidence rate of HIV positivity among infants were 19(4.16%) and 4.47/1000 PM (95% CI: 4.02-4.92) respectively. Mean HIV free survival time difference between Exclusive breast feeding 20.2 (95 % CI, 19.6, 20.8)), mixed feeding (17.5 (95% CI, 15.5-19.5)) and exclusive formula feeding 16.8 (95% CI, 16.3, 18.4) were significant. Mixed breast feeding (AHR: 8.23(1.98, 34.2)), ARV prophylaxis (yes) (AHR: 0.19(95% CI, 0.04-0.89)), Maternal HAART (AHR: 0.16(95% CI, .041, 0.59) and SdNVP + AZT+ 3TC (AHR: 0.113(95% CI: 0.02, 0.61)) intervention were independent predictors of HIV positivity among exposed infants. Conclusion: The risk of mother to child transmission of HIV is high for HIV exposed infants. All mothers should start PMTCT intervention as a guideline and it is better to discourage mixed infant feeding to prevent the upcoming infants from the HIV infection.
VL  - 2
IS  - 5
ER  -

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Author Information

Tariku Tadele

Department of Internal medicine, School of medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
Alemu Tamiso

Department of Public health/Unit of epidemiology and biostatistics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
Tafese Tadele

Departments of public health, Yirgalem College of medical sciences, Southern Ethiopia regional health bureau, Ethiopia

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Tariku Tadele, Alemu Tamiso, Tafese Tadele. (2014). Incidences and Predictors of HIV Positivity among Infants who Born from HIV Positive Mother who Have Follow Up at Two Hospitals of Southern Ethiopia, 2014. Science Journal of Public Health, 2(5), 431-439. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20140205.19

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ACS Style

Tariku Tadele; Alemu Tamiso; Tafese Tadele. Incidences and Predictors of HIV Positivity among Infants who Born from HIV Positive Mother who Have Follow Up at Two Hospitals of Southern Ethiopia, 2014. Sci. J. Public Health 2014, 2(5), 431-439. doi: 10.11648/j.sjph.20140205.19

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AMA Style

Tariku Tadele, Alemu Tamiso, Tafese Tadele. Incidences and Predictors of HIV Positivity among Infants who Born from HIV Positive Mother who Have Follow Up at Two Hospitals of Southern Ethiopia, 2014. Sci J Public Health. 2014;2(5):431-439. doi: 10.11648/j.sjph.20140205.19

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.sjph.20140205.19,
  author = {Tariku Tadele and Alemu Tamiso and Tafese Tadele},
  title = {Incidences and Predictors of HIV Positivity among Infants who Born from HIV Positive Mother who Have Follow Up at Two Hospitals of Southern Ethiopia, 2014},
  journal = {Science Journal of Public Health},
  volume = {2},
  number = {5},
  pages = {431-439},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjph.20140205.19},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20140205.19},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjph.20140205.19},
  abstract = {Introduction: Despite a dramatic progress in improvements regarding infant mortality due to HIV/AIDS in the past decades, HIV/AIDS is causing a devastating impact on the world’s children. Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) is by far the largest source of HIV infection in children under the age of 15, with 90% of the cases infected during pregnancy, birth, and major share is after birth.Therefore, this study follows infants after the first test (Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) testing) is negative, until the occurrences of HIV positivity and predictors associated with it in the two hospital of Southern Ethiopia. Objective: The aim was to assess the incidence, Survival experiences and predictors of HIV positivity among infants born from HIV positive mothers in two hospital of Southern Ethiopia, 2014. Methodology: Institution-Based Retrospective follow up study was conducted at Hawassa Referral and Yirgalem General Hospital from September 2000 to August 2005 E.C. Data was collected by trained BSc nurses from medical registration book of 485 exposed infants . It was entered in to EPI Info 3.5.1 and exported to SPSS version 20 for further analysis. Both Bivariate and Multiple variable Cox regression analysis were conducted to identify predictors. P-value< 0.05 was considered as level of significance. Results: Among 457 participants included under analysis contributed for 4249.4 Person Months of follow up. Cumulative and overall incidence rate of HIV positivity among infants were 19(4.16%) and 4.47/1000 PM (95% CI: 4.02-4.92) respectively. Mean HIV free survival time difference between Exclusive breast feeding 20.2 (95 % CI, 19.6, 20.8)), mixed feeding (17.5 (95% CI, 15.5-19.5)) and exclusive formula feeding 16.8 (95% CI, 16.3, 18.4) were significant. Mixed breast feeding (AHR: 8.23(1.98, 34.2)), ARV prophylaxis (yes) (AHR: 0.19(95% CI, 0.04-0.89)), Maternal HAART (AHR: 0.16(95% CI, .041, 0.59) and SdNVP + AZT+ 3TC (AHR: 0.113(95% CI: 0.02, 0.61)) intervention were independent predictors of HIV positivity among exposed infants. Conclusion: The risk of mother to child transmission of HIV is high for HIV exposed infants. All mothers should start PMTCT intervention as a guideline and it is better to discourage mixed infant feeding to prevent the upcoming infants from the HIV infection.},
 year = {2014}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Incidences and Predictors of HIV Positivity among Infants who Born from HIV Positive Mother who Have Follow Up at Two Hospitals of Southern Ethiopia, 2014
AU  - Tariku Tadele
AU  - Alemu Tamiso
AU  - Tafese Tadele
Y1  - 2014/09/10
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20140205.19
DO  - 10.11648/j.sjph.20140205.19
T2  - Science Journal of Public Health
JF  - Science Journal of Public Health
JO  - Science Journal of Public Health
SP  - 431
EP  - 439
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7950
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20140205.19
AB  - Introduction: Despite a dramatic progress in improvements regarding infant mortality due to HIV/AIDS in the past decades, HIV/AIDS is causing a devastating impact on the world’s children. Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) is by far the largest source of HIV infection in children under the age of 15, with 90% of the cases infected during pregnancy, birth, and major share is after birth.Therefore, this study follows infants after the first test (Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) testing) is negative, until the occurrences of HIV positivity and predictors associated with it in the two hospital of Southern Ethiopia. Objective: The aim was to assess the incidence, Survival experiences and predictors of HIV positivity among infants born from HIV positive mothers in two hospital of Southern Ethiopia, 2014. Methodology: Institution-Based Retrospective follow up study was conducted at Hawassa Referral and Yirgalem General Hospital from September 2000 to August 2005 E.C. Data was collected by trained BSc nurses from medical registration book of 485 exposed infants . It was entered in to EPI Info 3.5.1 and exported to SPSS version 20 for further analysis. Both Bivariate and Multiple variable Cox regression analysis were conducted to identify predictors. P-value< 0.05 was considered as level of significance. Results: Among 457 participants included under analysis contributed for 4249.4 Person Months of follow up. Cumulative and overall incidence rate of HIV positivity among infants were 19(4.16%) and 4.47/1000 PM (95% CI: 4.02-4.92) respectively. Mean HIV free survival time difference between Exclusive breast feeding 20.2 (95 % CI, 19.6, 20.8)), mixed feeding (17.5 (95% CI, 15.5-19.5)) and exclusive formula feeding 16.8 (95% CI, 16.3, 18.4) were significant. Mixed breast feeding (AHR: 8.23(1.98, 34.2)), ARV prophylaxis (yes) (AHR: 0.19(95% CI, 0.04-0.89)), Maternal HAART (AHR: 0.16(95% CI, .041, 0.59) and SdNVP + AZT+ 3TC (AHR: 0.113(95% CI: 0.02, 0.61)) intervention were independent predictors of HIV positivity among exposed infants. Conclusion: The risk of mother to child transmission of HIV is high for HIV exposed infants. All mothers should start PMTCT intervention as a guideline and it is better to discourage mixed infant feeding to prevent the upcoming infants from the HIV infection.
VL  - 2
IS  - 5
ER  -

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