Assessment of Informal Settlement and Associated Factors as a Public Health Issue in Bahir Dar City, North West Ethiopia; a Community Based Case Control Study

Getalem Aychew Beyene; Yenew Amsal Dessie

doi:doi:10.11648/j.sjph.20140204.23

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Assessment of Informal Settlement and Associated Factors as a Public Health Issue in Bahir Dar City, North West Ethiopia; a Community Based Case Control Study

Getalem Aychew Beyene, Yenew Amsal Dessie

Published in Science Journal of Public Health (Volume 2, Issue 4)

Received: 2 June 2014 Accepted: 30 June 2014 Published: 20 July 2014

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Abstract

Background: Informal settlements are housing units that are constructed without compliance of current planning and building regulations. This kind of settlement has become a common practice in recent years in Bahir Dar. Inhabitants who live in these unplanned housing units are often exposed to health risks associated with environmental problems. The objective of this study was to assess the existence of illnesses by infectious diseases associated to informal settlements and exploring associated risk factors in Bahir Dar city. Methods: unmatched case-control quantitative study complemented with qualitative exploration was conducted in Bahir Dar city, from 1 June-31 September 2011. A total of 555 households (185 informal and 370 formal households) were selected by systematic random sampling technique proportional to the number of households in respective sub cities. Pre tested semi structured questionnaire and observation checklist were used to collect the data. Data were coded, entered and cleaned using epidemiological information version 3.3.2, and analyzed by SPSS version 15. Results: As a result, existence of illness by infectious diseases among informally established housing units was found to be 39.5% compared to 10.8% among formally established housing units. The likelihood of establishing informal houses is associated with socio-economic and demographic factors such as respondents’ age [AOR= 2.78, 95%CI; 1.34-5.68], education [AOR=9.28, 95%CI: 3.24-26.57], occupation [AOR=2.47, 95%CI: 1.08-5.66], and average monthly income [AOR= 2.58, 95%CI: 1.57-4.23]. Conclusion: The prevalence of illness among informally established housing units were more than formally established housing units. Diarrheal diseases, malaria, typhoid and typhus were the most infectious diseases found to be prevalent in informally established housing units, so that expansions of income generating activities and taking corrective measures to minimize the adverse effects of environmental problems on health status of the people are recommended.

Published in	Science Journal of Public Health (Volume 2, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.sjph.20140204.23
Page(s)	323-329
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2014. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Informal Settlement, Public Health Issue, Bahir Dar City

References

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[4]	Santosa H. Environmental hazards management in informal settlements to achieve sustainable livelihoods of the poor. The case of East Java – Indonesia. 2003. Available from: URL: www.ipt.co.in/2013/april/Drainage%20&%20Stormwater.
[5]	Bahir Dar metropolitan city Administration. Bahir Dar integrated development plan from 2006/2007 to 2010/2011. Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
[6]	HABITAT. Slums of the World; The face of urban poverty in the new millennium. Nairobi: UN Habitat 2003.
[7]	Central Statistical Agency [Ethiopia]. ORC Macro, Ethiopian demographic and health survey 2005.Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Calverton, Maryland, USA, 2006.
[8]	WHO. Access to improved drinking-water sources and to improved sanitation. WHO Statistical Information System (WHOSIS), 2008.
[9]	Ministry of water and housing. Rapid assessment of the status of squatting settlements. Jamaica, 2008. Available from URL: www.mwh.gov.jm/new/.../Rapid_Assessment_of_Squatting_Report.pdf.
[10]	Ameyibor R. Informal settlements development on Zanzibar; A study on the community based provision of storm water management. University of Dortmund; Germany, 2003.
[11]	Dongo K. Zurbreg C. Cissel G. etal. Environmental Risks and Perceptions of Risks to Assess Health and Well-being in Poor Areas of Abidjan. International Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering 2:4; 2010.
[12]	Penrose K. Castro M Cd. Werema J. Ryan ET. Informal urban settlements and cholera risk in Dares Salaam, Tanzania. PLoS neglected tropical diseases. March 2010; 4(3): Available from: e631. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000631.
[13]	Yongsi H. Human settlement, land management and health in Sub Saharan cities. International journal of human and social sciences. 2009;4(1).

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APA Style

Getalem Aychew Beyene, Yenew Amsal Dessie. (2014). Assessment of Informal Settlement and Associated Factors as a Public Health Issue in Bahir Dar City, North West Ethiopia; a Community Based Case Control Study. Science Journal of Public Health, 2(4), 323-329. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20140204.23

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ACS Style

Getalem Aychew Beyene; Yenew Amsal Dessie. Assessment of Informal Settlement and Associated Factors as a Public Health Issue in Bahir Dar City, North West Ethiopia; a Community Based Case Control Study. Sci. J. Public Health 2014, 2(4), 323-329. doi: 10.11648/j.sjph.20140204.23

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AMA Style

Getalem Aychew Beyene, Yenew Amsal Dessie. Assessment of Informal Settlement and Associated Factors as a Public Health Issue in Bahir Dar City, North West Ethiopia; a Community Based Case Control Study. Sci J Public Health. 2014;2(4):323-329. doi: 10.11648/j.sjph.20140204.23

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@article{10.11648/j.sjph.20140204.23,
  author = {Getalem Aychew Beyene and Yenew Amsal Dessie},
  title = {Assessment of Informal Settlement and Associated Factors as a Public Health Issue in Bahir Dar City, North West Ethiopia; a Community Based Case Control Study},
  journal = {Science Journal of Public Health},
  volume = {2},
  number = {4},
  pages = {323-329},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjph.20140204.23},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20140204.23},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjph.20140204.23},
  abstract = {Background: Informal settlements are housing units that are constructed without compliance of current planning and building regulations. This kind of settlement has become a common practice in recent years in Bahir Dar. Inhabitants who live in these unplanned housing units are often exposed to health risks associated with environmental problems. The objective of this study was to assess the existence of illnesses by infectious diseases associated to informal settlements and exploring associated risk factors in Bahir Dar city. Methods: unmatched case-control quantitative study complemented with qualitative exploration was conducted in Bahir Dar city, from 1 June-31 September 2011. A total of 555 households (185 informal and 370 formal households) were selected by systematic random sampling technique proportional to the number of households in respective sub cities. Pre tested semi structured questionnaire and observation checklist were used to collect the data. Data were coded, entered and cleaned using epidemiological information version 3.3.2, and analyzed by SPSS version 15. Results: As a result, existence of illness by infectious diseases among informally established housing units was found to be 39.5% compared to 10.8% among formally established housing units. The likelihood of establishing informal houses is associated with socio-economic and demographic factors such as respondents’ age [AOR= 2.78, 95%CI; 1.34-5.68], education [AOR=9.28, 95%CI: 3.24-26.57], occupation [AOR=2.47, 95%CI: 1.08-5.66], and average monthly income [AOR= 2.58, 95%CI: 1.57-4.23]. Conclusion: The prevalence of illness among informally established housing units were more than formally established housing units. Diarrheal diseases, malaria, typhoid and typhus were the most infectious diseases found to be prevalent in informally established housing units, so that expansions of income generating activities and taking corrective measures to minimize the adverse effects of environmental problems on health status of the people are recommended.},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Assessment of Informal Settlement and Associated Factors as a Public Health Issue in Bahir Dar City, North West Ethiopia; a Community Based Case Control Study
AU  - Getalem Aychew Beyene
AU  - Yenew Amsal Dessie
Y1  - 2014/07/20
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20140204.23
DO  - 10.11648/j.sjph.20140204.23
T2  - Science Journal of Public Health
JF  - Science Journal of Public Health
JO  - Science Journal of Public Health
SP  - 323
EP  - 329
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7950
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20140204.23
AB  - Background: Informal settlements are housing units that are constructed without compliance of current planning and building regulations. This kind of settlement has become a common practice in recent years in Bahir Dar. Inhabitants who live in these unplanned housing units are often exposed to health risks associated with environmental problems. The objective of this study was to assess the existence of illnesses by infectious diseases associated to informal settlements and exploring associated risk factors in Bahir Dar city. Methods: unmatched case-control quantitative study complemented with qualitative exploration was conducted in Bahir Dar city, from 1 June-31 September 2011. A total of 555 households (185 informal and 370 formal households) were selected by systematic random sampling technique proportional to the number of households in respective sub cities. Pre tested semi structured questionnaire and observation checklist were used to collect the data. Data were coded, entered and cleaned using epidemiological information version 3.3.2, and analyzed by SPSS version 15. Results: As a result, existence of illness by infectious diseases among informally established housing units was found to be 39.5% compared to 10.8% among formally established housing units. The likelihood of establishing informal houses is associated with socio-economic and demographic factors such as respondents’ age [AOR= 2.78, 95%CI; 1.34-5.68], education [AOR=9.28, 95%CI: 3.24-26.57], occupation [AOR=2.47, 95%CI: 1.08-5.66], and average monthly income [AOR= 2.58, 95%CI: 1.57-4.23]. Conclusion: The prevalence of illness among informally established housing units were more than formally established housing units. Diarrheal diseases, malaria, typhoid and typhus were the most infectious diseases found to be prevalent in informally established housing units, so that expansions of income generating activities and taking corrective measures to minimize the adverse effects of environmental problems on health status of the people are recommended.
VL  - 2
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Getalem Aychew Beyene

Mahibere Hiwot for Social Development, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
Yenew Amsal Dessie

Mahibere Hiwot for Social Development, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia

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Getalem Aychew Beyene, Yenew Amsal Dessie. (2014). Assessment of Informal Settlement and Associated Factors as a Public Health Issue in Bahir Dar City, North West Ethiopia; a Community Based Case Control Study. Science Journal of Public Health, 2(4), 323-329. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20140204.23

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ACS Style

Getalem Aychew Beyene; Yenew Amsal Dessie. Assessment of Informal Settlement and Associated Factors as a Public Health Issue in Bahir Dar City, North West Ethiopia; a Community Based Case Control Study. Sci. J. Public Health 2014, 2(4), 323-329. doi: 10.11648/j.sjph.20140204.23

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AMA Style

Getalem Aychew Beyene, Yenew Amsal Dessie. Assessment of Informal Settlement and Associated Factors as a Public Health Issue in Bahir Dar City, North West Ethiopia; a Community Based Case Control Study. Sci J Public Health. 2014;2(4):323-329. doi: 10.11648/j.sjph.20140204.23

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@article{10.11648/j.sjph.20140204.23,
  author = {Getalem Aychew Beyene and Yenew Amsal Dessie},
  title = {Assessment of Informal Settlement and Associated Factors as a Public Health Issue in Bahir Dar City, North West Ethiopia; a Community Based Case Control Study},
  journal = {Science Journal of Public Health},
  volume = {2},
  number = {4},
  pages = {323-329},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjph.20140204.23},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20140204.23},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjph.20140204.23},
  abstract = {Background: Informal settlements are housing units that are constructed without compliance of current planning and building regulations. This kind of settlement has become a common practice in recent years in Bahir Dar. Inhabitants who live in these unplanned housing units are often exposed to health risks associated with environmental problems. The objective of this study was to assess the existence of illnesses by infectious diseases associated to informal settlements and exploring associated risk factors in Bahir Dar city. Methods: unmatched case-control quantitative study complemented with qualitative exploration was conducted in Bahir Dar city, from 1 June-31 September 2011. A total of 555 households (185 informal and 370 formal households) were selected by systematic random sampling technique proportional to the number of households in respective sub cities. Pre tested semi structured questionnaire and observation checklist were used to collect the data. Data were coded, entered and cleaned using epidemiological information version 3.3.2, and analyzed by SPSS version 15. Results: As a result, existence of illness by infectious diseases among informally established housing units was found to be 39.5% compared to 10.8% among formally established housing units. The likelihood of establishing informal houses is associated with socio-economic and demographic factors such as respondents’ age [AOR= 2.78, 95%CI; 1.34-5.68], education [AOR=9.28, 95%CI: 3.24-26.57], occupation [AOR=2.47, 95%CI: 1.08-5.66], and average monthly income [AOR= 2.58, 95%CI: 1.57-4.23]. Conclusion: The prevalence of illness among informally established housing units were more than formally established housing units. Diarrheal diseases, malaria, typhoid and typhus were the most infectious diseases found to be prevalent in informally established housing units, so that expansions of income generating activities and taking corrective measures to minimize the adverse effects of environmental problems on health status of the people are recommended.},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Assessment of Informal Settlement and Associated Factors as a Public Health Issue in Bahir Dar City, North West Ethiopia; a Community Based Case Control Study
AU  - Getalem Aychew Beyene
AU  - Yenew Amsal Dessie
Y1  - 2014/07/20
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20140204.23
DO  - 10.11648/j.sjph.20140204.23
T2  - Science Journal of Public Health
JF  - Science Journal of Public Health
JO  - Science Journal of Public Health
SP  - 323
EP  - 329
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7950
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20140204.23
AB  - Background: Informal settlements are housing units that are constructed without compliance of current planning and building regulations. This kind of settlement has become a common practice in recent years in Bahir Dar. Inhabitants who live in these unplanned housing units are often exposed to health risks associated with environmental problems. The objective of this study was to assess the existence of illnesses by infectious diseases associated to informal settlements and exploring associated risk factors in Bahir Dar city. Methods: unmatched case-control quantitative study complemented with qualitative exploration was conducted in Bahir Dar city, from 1 June-31 September 2011. A total of 555 households (185 informal and 370 formal households) were selected by systematic random sampling technique proportional to the number of households in respective sub cities. Pre tested semi structured questionnaire and observation checklist were used to collect the data. Data were coded, entered and cleaned using epidemiological information version 3.3.2, and analyzed by SPSS version 15. Results: As a result, existence of illness by infectious diseases among informally established housing units was found to be 39.5% compared to 10.8% among formally established housing units. The likelihood of establishing informal houses is associated with socio-economic and demographic factors such as respondents’ age [AOR= 2.78, 95%CI; 1.34-5.68], education [AOR=9.28, 95%CI: 3.24-26.57], occupation [AOR=2.47, 95%CI: 1.08-5.66], and average monthly income [AOR= 2.58, 95%CI: 1.57-4.23]. Conclusion: The prevalence of illness among informally established housing units were more than formally established housing units. Diarrheal diseases, malaria, typhoid and typhus were the most infectious diseases found to be prevalent in informally established housing units, so that expansions of income generating activities and taking corrective measures to minimize the adverse effects of environmental problems on health status of the people are recommended.
VL  - 2
IS  - 4
ER  -

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