Trace Metal Elements (TMEs) in Groundwater Around the Former Industrial Gold Mine of Poura in Burkina Faso – West Africa

Adama Yameogo; Nicolas Kagambega; Isso Felix Bado; Abdoul-Azize Barry

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijema.20241205.12

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Trace Metal Elements (TMEs) in Groundwater Around the Former Industrial Gold Mine of Poura in Burkina Faso – West Africa

Adama Yameogo

, Nicolas Kagambega

, Isso Felix Bado

, Abdoul-Azize Barry

Published in International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis (Volume 12, Issue 5)

Received: 10 September 2024 Accepted: 27 September 2024 Published: 29 October 2024

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Abstract

The objective of this study is to assess the quality of groundwater around the first industrial mine in Burkina Faso, whose activities have been closed since 1999. The diagnosis of pollution by trace metal elements of groundwater around the old Poura gold mine was carried out through the determination of the contents of Trace Metal Elements (TME) at MP-AES and the measurements of the physicochemical parameters in situ on 38 samples of borehole water. These data made it possible to calculate the pollution risk index, to establish correlations between the different physicochemical parameters on the one hand and with the trace metal elements on the other hand, from the Pearson matrix and to carry out a multivariate statistical analysis, in particular that in principal components (PCA), with a view to determining the origin of the polluting elements. The results obtained made it possible to identify four samples of groundwater with an acidic pH (GWF18 (6.44), GWF19 (6.39), GWF23 (6.1) and GWP01 (5.99)) and 34 samples of groundwater whose Cd, Al, Fe, As, Pb, or Hg contents are higher than the standards in force in Burkina Faso. The Pollution risk Index (PI) indicates that 35 groundwater samples are slightly polluted and 3 groundwater samples are very heavily polluted (GWP01 (PI = 456%), GWF06 (PI = 132.5%), GWF03 (PI = 105.1%)). The Pearson correlation matrix and the principal component analysis (PCA) show that the origin and mobilization of the trace metal elements involved (Al, As, Cd, Cr, Fe, Hg and Pb) are linked to natural mineralization and anthropogenic activities such as mining and agricultural activities, favored by the infiltration of water into the subsoil through geological structures such as fractures and faults.

Published in	International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis (Volume 12, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijema.20241205.12
Page(s)	111-124
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Groundwater, Pollution, Trace Metal Elements, Poura, Burkina Faso

References

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Yameogo, A., Kagambega, N., Bado, I. F., Barry, A. (2024). Trace Metal Elements (TMEs) in Groundwater Around the Former Industrial Gold Mine of Poura in Burkina Faso – West Africa. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 12(5), 111-124. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20241205.12

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Yameogo, A.; Kagambega, N.; Bado, I. F.; Barry, A. Trace Metal Elements (TMEs) in Groundwater Around the Former Industrial Gold Mine of Poura in Burkina Faso – West Africa. Int. J. Environ. Monit. Anal. 2024, 12(5), 111-124. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20241205.12

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AMA Style

Yameogo A, Kagambega N, Bado IF, Barry A. Trace Metal Elements (TMEs) in Groundwater Around the Former Industrial Gold Mine of Poura in Burkina Faso – West Africa. Int J Environ Monit Anal. 2024;12(5):111-124. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20241205.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijema.20241205.12,
  author = {Adama Yameogo and Nicolas Kagambega and Isso Felix Bado and Abdoul-Azize Barry},
  title = {Trace Metal Elements (TMEs) in Groundwater Around the Former Industrial Gold Mine of Poura in Burkina Faso – West Africa
},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis},
  volume = {12},
  number = {5},
  pages = {111-124},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijema.20241205.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20241205.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijema.20241205.12},
  abstract = {The objective of this study is to assess the quality of groundwater around the first industrial mine in Burkina Faso, whose activities have been closed since 1999. The diagnosis of pollution by trace metal elements of groundwater around the old Poura gold mine was carried out through the determination of the contents of Trace Metal Elements (TME) at MP-AES and the measurements of the physicochemical parameters in situ on 38 samples of borehole water. These data made it possible to calculate the pollution risk index, to establish correlations between the different physicochemical parameters on the one hand and with the trace metal elements on the other hand, from the Pearson matrix and to carry out a multivariate statistical analysis, in particular that in principal components (PCA), with a view to determining the origin of the polluting elements. The results obtained made it possible to identify four samples of groundwater with an acidic pH (GWF18 (6.44), GWF19 (6.39), GWF23 (6.1) and GWP01 (5.99)) and 34 samples of groundwater whose Cd, Al, Fe, As, Pb, or Hg contents are higher than the standards in force in Burkina Faso. The Pollution risk Index (PI) indicates that 35 groundwater samples are slightly polluted and 3 groundwater samples are very heavily polluted (GWP01 (PI = 456%), GWF06 (PI = 132.5%), GWF03 (PI = 105.1%)). The Pearson correlation matrix and the principal component analysis (PCA) show that the origin and mobilization of the trace metal elements involved (Al, As, Cd, Cr, Fe, Hg and Pb) are linked to natural mineralization and anthropogenic activities such as mining and agricultural activities, favored by the infiltration of water into the subsoil through geological structures such as fractures and faults.
},
 year = {2024}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Trace Metal Elements (TMEs) in Groundwater Around the Former Industrial Gold Mine of Poura in Burkina Faso – West Africa

AU  - Adama Yameogo
AU  - Nicolas Kagambega
AU  - Isso Felix Bado
AU  - Abdoul-Azize Barry
Y1  - 2024/10/29
PY  - 2024
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20241205.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijema.20241205.12
T2  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JF  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JO  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
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EP  - 124
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SN  - 2328-7667
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20241205.12
AB  - The objective of this study is to assess the quality of groundwater around the first industrial mine in Burkina Faso, whose activities have been closed since 1999. The diagnosis of pollution by trace metal elements of groundwater around the old Poura gold mine was carried out through the determination of the contents of Trace Metal Elements (TME) at MP-AES and the measurements of the physicochemical parameters in situ on 38 samples of borehole water. These data made it possible to calculate the pollution risk index, to establish correlations between the different physicochemical parameters on the one hand and with the trace metal elements on the other hand, from the Pearson matrix and to carry out a multivariate statistical analysis, in particular that in principal components (PCA), with a view to determining the origin of the polluting elements. The results obtained made it possible to identify four samples of groundwater with an acidic pH (GWF18 (6.44), GWF19 (6.39), GWF23 (6.1) and GWP01 (5.99)) and 34 samples of groundwater whose Cd, Al, Fe, As, Pb, or Hg contents are higher than the standards in force in Burkina Faso. The Pollution risk Index (PI) indicates that 35 groundwater samples are slightly polluted and 3 groundwater samples are very heavily polluted (GWP01 (PI = 456%), GWF06 (PI = 132.5%), GWF03 (PI = 105.1%)). The Pearson correlation matrix and the principal component analysis (PCA) show that the origin and mobilization of the trace metal elements involved (Al, As, Cd, Cr, Fe, Hg and Pb) are linked to natural mineralization and anthropogenic activities such as mining and agricultural activities, favored by the infiltration of water into the subsoil through geological structures such as fractures and faults.

VL  - 12
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Author Information

Adama Yameogo

Mining Engineering Department, Higher School of Engineering, Yembila Abdoulaye Toguyeni University, Fada N’Gourma, Burkina Faso; Geosciences and Environment Laboratory, Department of Earth Sciences, Joseph Ki-Zerbo University, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

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http://orcid.org/0009-0006-0494-4051
Nicolas Kagambega

Mining Engineering Department, Higher School of Engineering, Yembila Abdoulaye Toguyeni University, Fada N’Gourma, Burkina Faso; Geosciences and Environment Laboratory, Department of Earth Sciences, Joseph Ki-Zerbo University, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

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http://orcid.org/0009-0000-6455-5249
Isso Felix Bado

Geosciences and Environment Laboratory, Department of Earth Sciences, Joseph Ki-Zerbo University, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

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http://orcid.org/0009-0008-4195-4456
Abdoul-Azize Barry

Geosciences and Environment Laboratory, Department of Earth Sciences, Joseph Ki-Zerbo University, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

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http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2516-7715

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APA Style

Yameogo, A., Kagambega, N., Bado, I. F., Barry, A. (2024). Trace Metal Elements (TMEs) in Groundwater Around the Former Industrial Gold Mine of Poura in Burkina Faso – West Africa. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 12(5), 111-124. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20241205.12

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ACS Style

Yameogo, A.; Kagambega, N.; Bado, I. F.; Barry, A. Trace Metal Elements (TMEs) in Groundwater Around the Former Industrial Gold Mine of Poura in Burkina Faso – West Africa. Int. J. Environ. Monit. Anal. 2024, 12(5), 111-124. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20241205.12

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AMA Style

Yameogo A, Kagambega N, Bado IF, Barry A. Trace Metal Elements (TMEs) in Groundwater Around the Former Industrial Gold Mine of Poura in Burkina Faso – West Africa. Int J Environ Monit Anal. 2024;12(5):111-124. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20241205.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijema.20241205.12,
  author = {Adama Yameogo and Nicolas Kagambega and Isso Felix Bado and Abdoul-Azize Barry},
  title = {Trace Metal Elements (TMEs) in Groundwater Around the Former Industrial Gold Mine of Poura in Burkina Faso – West Africa
},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis},
  volume = {12},
  number = {5},
  pages = {111-124},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijema.20241205.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20241205.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijema.20241205.12},
  abstract = {The objective of this study is to assess the quality of groundwater around the first industrial mine in Burkina Faso, whose activities have been closed since 1999. The diagnosis of pollution by trace metal elements of groundwater around the old Poura gold mine was carried out through the determination of the contents of Trace Metal Elements (TME) at MP-AES and the measurements of the physicochemical parameters in situ on 38 samples of borehole water. These data made it possible to calculate the pollution risk index, to establish correlations between the different physicochemical parameters on the one hand and with the trace metal elements on the other hand, from the Pearson matrix and to carry out a multivariate statistical analysis, in particular that in principal components (PCA), with a view to determining the origin of the polluting elements. The results obtained made it possible to identify four samples of groundwater with an acidic pH (GWF18 (6.44), GWF19 (6.39), GWF23 (6.1) and GWP01 (5.99)) and 34 samples of groundwater whose Cd, Al, Fe, As, Pb, or Hg contents are higher than the standards in force in Burkina Faso. The Pollution risk Index (PI) indicates that 35 groundwater samples are slightly polluted and 3 groundwater samples are very heavily polluted (GWP01 (PI = 456%), GWF06 (PI = 132.5%), GWF03 (PI = 105.1%)). The Pearson correlation matrix and the principal component analysis (PCA) show that the origin and mobilization of the trace metal elements involved (Al, As, Cd, Cr, Fe, Hg and Pb) are linked to natural mineralization and anthropogenic activities such as mining and agricultural activities, favored by the infiltration of water into the subsoil through geological structures such as fractures and faults.
},
 year = {2024}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Trace Metal Elements (TMEs) in Groundwater Around the Former Industrial Gold Mine of Poura in Burkina Faso – West Africa

AU  - Adama Yameogo
AU  - Nicolas Kagambega
AU  - Isso Felix Bado
AU  - Abdoul-Azize Barry
Y1  - 2024/10/29
PY  - 2024
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20241205.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijema.20241205.12
T2  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JF  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JO  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
SP  - 111
EP  - 124
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7667
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20241205.12
AB  - The objective of this study is to assess the quality of groundwater around the first industrial mine in Burkina Faso, whose activities have been closed since 1999. The diagnosis of pollution by trace metal elements of groundwater around the old Poura gold mine was carried out through the determination of the contents of Trace Metal Elements (TME) at MP-AES and the measurements of the physicochemical parameters in situ on 38 samples of borehole water. These data made it possible to calculate the pollution risk index, to establish correlations between the different physicochemical parameters on the one hand and with the trace metal elements on the other hand, from the Pearson matrix and to carry out a multivariate statistical analysis, in particular that in principal components (PCA), with a view to determining the origin of the polluting elements. The results obtained made it possible to identify four samples of groundwater with an acidic pH (GWF18 (6.44), GWF19 (6.39), GWF23 (6.1) and GWP01 (5.99)) and 34 samples of groundwater whose Cd, Al, Fe, As, Pb, or Hg contents are higher than the standards in force in Burkina Faso. The Pollution risk Index (PI) indicates that 35 groundwater samples are slightly polluted and 3 groundwater samples are very heavily polluted (GWP01 (PI = 456%), GWF06 (PI = 132.5%), GWF03 (PI = 105.1%)). The Pearson correlation matrix and the principal component analysis (PCA) show that the origin and mobilization of the trace metal elements involved (Al, As, Cd, Cr, Fe, Hg and Pb) are linked to natural mineralization and anthropogenic activities such as mining and agricultural activities, favored by the infiltration of water into the subsoil through geological structures such as fractures and faults.

VL  - 12
IS  - 5
ER  -

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