Cardiovascular diseases are responsible for one-third of all deaths in the world. Several factors contribute to the current trend including micronutrient vitamin deficiencies (MVDs), however, opinions regarding the role of MVDs in CVDs are inconsistent; this could impact on micronutrient vitamins intake. The aim of this review was to provide a brief overview of published evidence on the associations between MVDs and CVDs, assess the interactions between micronutrients and cardiovascular endpoints, and identify current related research needs. Literature search conducted on studies published between 1963 and 2016 indicates that MVDs are common and are related to adverse cardiovascular endpoints through various mechanisms, including impaired antioxidant and immune response mechanisms; and anti-inflammatory activities. Some micronutrients directly impact on CVDs; others act as critical cofactors in several biochemical processes. Several methodologic flaws, environmental and individual susceptibility factors, lack of determination of baseline serum levels of complementary micronutrients, absence of uniformly accepted cut-off values, and interactions between micronutrients may partly account for discordant results across studies. Although MVD is a significant risk factor for CVDs, supplementation with single or paired micronutrients for primary prevention of CVDs in healthy adults with no special nutritional needs is discouraged; there is insufficient evidence to determine the benefit/harm of such supplementation.
| Published in | European Journal of Preventive Medicine (Volume 5, Issue 1) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ejpm.20170501.11 |
| Page(s) | 1-18 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group |
β-Carotene, Ascorbic Acid, Folate, Calciferol, Tocopherol, Deficiency, Heart Disease
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APA Style
Christopher Edet Ekpenyong. (2017). Micronutrient Vitamin Deficiencies and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: Advancing Current Understanding. European Journal of Preventive Medicine, 5(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20170501.11
ACS Style
Christopher Edet Ekpenyong. Micronutrient Vitamin Deficiencies and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: Advancing Current Understanding. Eur. J. Prev. Med. 2017, 5(1), 1-18. doi: 10.11648/j.ejpm.20170501.11
AMA Style
Christopher Edet Ekpenyong. Micronutrient Vitamin Deficiencies and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: Advancing Current Understanding. Eur J Prev Med. 2017;5(1):1-18. doi: 10.11648/j.ejpm.20170501.11
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Download@article{10.11648/j.ejpm.20170501.11,
author = {Christopher Edet Ekpenyong},
title = {Micronutrient Vitamin Deficiencies and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: Advancing Current Understanding},
journal = {European Journal of Preventive Medicine},
volume = {5},
number = {1},
pages = {1-18},
doi = {10.11648/j.ejpm.20170501.11},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20170501.11},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ejpm.20170501.11},
abstract = {Cardiovascular diseases are responsible for one-third of all deaths in the world. Several factors contribute to the current trend including micronutrient vitamin deficiencies (MVDs), however, opinions regarding the role of MVDs in CVDs are inconsistent; this could impact on micronutrient vitamins intake. The aim of this review was to provide a brief overview of published evidence on the associations between MVDs and CVDs, assess the interactions between micronutrients and cardiovascular endpoints, and identify current related research needs. Literature search conducted on studies published between 1963 and 2016 indicates that MVDs are common and are related to adverse cardiovascular endpoints through various mechanisms, including impaired antioxidant and immune response mechanisms; and anti-inflammatory activities. Some micronutrients directly impact on CVDs; others act as critical cofactors in several biochemical processes. Several methodologic flaws, environmental and individual susceptibility factors, lack of determination of baseline serum levels of complementary micronutrients, absence of uniformly accepted cut-off values, and interactions between micronutrients may partly account for discordant results across studies. Although MVD is a significant risk factor for CVDs, supplementation with single or paired micronutrients for primary prevention of CVDs in healthy adults with no special nutritional needs is discouraged; there is insufficient evidence to determine the benefit/harm of such supplementation.},
year = {2017}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Micronutrient Vitamin Deficiencies and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: Advancing Current Understanding AU - Christopher Edet Ekpenyong Y1 - 2017/02/20 PY - 2017 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20170501.11 DO - 10.11648/j.ejpm.20170501.11 T2 - European Journal of Preventive Medicine JF - European Journal of Preventive Medicine JO - European Journal of Preventive Medicine SP - 1 EP - 18 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2330-8230 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20170501.11 AB - Cardiovascular diseases are responsible for one-third of all deaths in the world. Several factors contribute to the current trend including micronutrient vitamin deficiencies (MVDs), however, opinions regarding the role of MVDs in CVDs are inconsistent; this could impact on micronutrient vitamins intake. The aim of this review was to provide a brief overview of published evidence on the associations between MVDs and CVDs, assess the interactions between micronutrients and cardiovascular endpoints, and identify current related research needs. Literature search conducted on studies published between 1963 and 2016 indicates that MVDs are common and are related to adverse cardiovascular endpoints through various mechanisms, including impaired antioxidant and immune response mechanisms; and anti-inflammatory activities. Some micronutrients directly impact on CVDs; others act as critical cofactors in several biochemical processes. Several methodologic flaws, environmental and individual susceptibility factors, lack of determination of baseline serum levels of complementary micronutrients, absence of uniformly accepted cut-off values, and interactions between micronutrients may partly account for discordant results across studies. Although MVD is a significant risk factor for CVDs, supplementation with single or paired micronutrients for primary prevention of CVDs in healthy adults with no special nutritional needs is discouraged; there is insufficient evidence to determine the benefit/harm of such supplementation. VL - 5 IS - 1 ER -
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