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Phonological Rules Governing English Loanwords in Lontómbá Language

Received: 1 November 2020     Accepted: 12 November 2020     Published: 4 January 2021
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Abstract

People on Earth get in touch for diverse reasons such as trade, migrations, tourism, and work. These people speak different languages and desire to communicate. In this context, the language problem (language barrier) occurs in their communication because of differences in languages. This barrier does not prevent them from speaking because the communication desire obliges them to interact. But while interacting, words are borrowed from one language to another. Therefore, there is a co-penetration of linguistic expressions. That is, words of one language can be used in another one and vice versa. Such words, most of the time, undergo changes in spelling and pronunciation. Considering the case of Lontómbá speakers and English ones, one can notice that Lontómbá speakers have borrowed words from English through different contacts with English speakers (missionaries). Up to now there is not any scientific explanation about these borrowings that can help understand exactly the adaptation of the English borrowings in Lontómbá. Therefore, the problem that leads to conduct this research is the remarkable lack of a reliable scientific explanation of English loanwords in Lontómbá language. The aim of this article is to find out the phonological rules that govern the change in pronunciation of the English loanwords in Lontómbá language. After the analysis of a corpus of 100 English loanwords in Lontómbá, this paper has found out the phonological rules explaining the change in pronunciation of the English loanwords.

Published in Communication and Linguistics Studies (Volume 7, Issue 1)
DOI 10.11648/j.cls.20210701.11
Page(s) 1-5
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Loanwords, Lontómbá, Phonological Changes, Phonological Rules, Epenthesis, and Language Contact

References
[1] Mao, L. J. And Hulden, M. (2016). How Regular is Japanese Loanwords Adaptation? A Computational Study. Colorado: University of Colorado.
[2] Beel, R. And Felder, J. (2013). Phonological Adaptations of English Loanwords in Turkish. Virginia: Liberty University.
[3] Besset, R. M. (2017). Exploring the Phonological Integration of Lone Other-Language Nouns in the Spanish of South Arizone in University of Pennsylvania Working Paper in Linguistics. Arizon: University of Arizona. Vol. 23. Issue 2 pp. 31-39.
[4] Nagy, R. (2010). The Phonological Integration of Loanwords in Dutch. Budapest: Eötvös.
[5] Aktürk-Drake, M. (2015). Phonological Adaptation Through Bilingual Borrowing: Comparing Elite Bilinguals and Heritage Bilinguals. Stockholm: Stockholm University.
[6] Kenstowicz, M. (2005). The Phonetics and Phonology of Korean Loanword adaptation. Leiden: Leiden University.
[7] Diaz, M. A. L. (2014). Scaffolding Students’ Phonological Competence through the Integration of Pronunciation Learning Strategies.
[8] Jaradat, M. M. (2019). Epenthesis in Jerash Fallaahi Dialect: An Autosegmental Analysis in International Journal of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences. Online.
[9] Repetty, L. (2012). Consonant-Final Loanwords and Epenthetic Vowels in Italian in Catalian Journal of Linguistics. Online.
[10] Gudia, M. N. A. (2016). Phonological Adaptation of English Loanwords in Ammani Arabic. Manchester: University of Salford.
[11] Obied, I. M. (2015). Phonological Rules. Babylon: University of Babylon.
[12] Cathcart, C. A. (2019). Gaussian Process Models of Sound Change in Indo-Aryan Dialectology. Zurich: University of Zurich.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Jean Paul Mola Mbeba. (2021). Phonological Rules Governing English Loanwords in Lontómbá Language. Communication and Linguistics Studies, 7(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cls.20210701.11

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    ACS Style

    Jean Paul Mola Mbeba. Phonological Rules Governing English Loanwords in Lontómbá Language. Commun. Linguist. Stud. 2021, 7(1), 1-5. doi: 10.11648/j.cls.20210701.11

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    AMA Style

    Jean Paul Mola Mbeba. Phonological Rules Governing English Loanwords in Lontómbá Language. Commun Linguist Stud. 2021;7(1):1-5. doi: 10.11648/j.cls.20210701.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.cls.20210701.11,
      author = {Jean Paul Mola Mbeba},
      title = {Phonological Rules Governing English Loanwords in Lontómbá Language},
      journal = {Communication and Linguistics Studies},
      volume = {7},
      number = {1},
      pages = {1-5},
      doi = {10.11648/j.cls.20210701.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cls.20210701.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.cls.20210701.11},
      abstract = {People on Earth get in touch for diverse reasons such as trade, migrations, tourism, and work. These people speak different languages and desire to communicate. In this context, the language problem (language barrier) occurs in their communication because of differences in languages. This barrier does not prevent them from speaking because the communication desire obliges them to interact. But while interacting, words are borrowed from one language to another. Therefore, there is a co-penetration of linguistic expressions. That is, words of one language can be used in another one and vice versa. Such words, most of the time, undergo changes in spelling and pronunciation. Considering the case of Lontómbá speakers and English ones, one can notice that Lontómbá speakers have borrowed words from English through different contacts with English speakers (missionaries). Up to now there is not any scientific explanation about these borrowings that can help understand exactly the adaptation of the English borrowings in Lontómbá. Therefore, the problem that leads to conduct this research is the remarkable lack of a reliable scientific explanation of English loanwords in Lontómbá language. The aim of this article is to find out the phonological rules that govern the change in pronunciation of the English loanwords in Lontómbá language. After the analysis of a corpus of 100 English loanwords in Lontómbá, this paper has found out the phonological rules explaining the change in pronunciation of the English loanwords.},
     year = {2021}
    }
    

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    AU  - Jean Paul Mola Mbeba
    Y1  - 2021/01/04
    PY  - 2021
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    T2  - Communication and Linguistics Studies
    JF  - Communication and Linguistics Studies
    JO  - Communication and Linguistics Studies
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    PB  - Science Publishing Group
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    AB  - People on Earth get in touch for diverse reasons such as trade, migrations, tourism, and work. These people speak different languages and desire to communicate. In this context, the language problem (language barrier) occurs in their communication because of differences in languages. This barrier does not prevent them from speaking because the communication desire obliges them to interact. But while interacting, words are borrowed from one language to another. Therefore, there is a co-penetration of linguistic expressions. That is, words of one language can be used in another one and vice versa. Such words, most of the time, undergo changes in spelling and pronunciation. Considering the case of Lontómbá speakers and English ones, one can notice that Lontómbá speakers have borrowed words from English through different contacts with English speakers (missionaries). Up to now there is not any scientific explanation about these borrowings that can help understand exactly the adaptation of the English borrowings in Lontómbá. Therefore, the problem that leads to conduct this research is the remarkable lack of a reliable scientific explanation of English loanwords in Lontómbá language. The aim of this article is to find out the phonological rules that govern the change in pronunciation of the English loanwords in Lontómbá language. After the analysis of a corpus of 100 English loanwords in Lontómbá, this paper has found out the phonological rules explaining the change in pronunciation of the English loanwords.
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Author Information
  • Department of Letters and English Civilization, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo

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