Microbiological Assessment of Indoor Air of Takalar County Hospital Wards in South Sulawesi, Indonesia

Muhammad Ikhtiar; Herlina Alzad; Swandari Paramita; Yadi

doi:doi:10.11648/j.sjph.20170503.13

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Microbiological Assessment of Indoor Air of Takalar County Hospital Wards in South Sulawesi, Indonesia

Muhammad Ikhtiar, Herlina Alzad, Swandari Paramita, Yadi

Published in Science Journal of Public Health (Volume 5, Issue 3)

Received: 12 January 2017 Accepted: 20 February 2017 Published: 9 March 2017

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Abstract

Poor indoor air quality may lead to hospital acquired infection. Microbiological parameter is one of main standards of indoor air quality. The study objective was to investigate microbiological assessment of indoor air of different wards of Takalar County Hospital, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Four wards were used for sample collection and these included third, second, first and VIP class ward. Room air temperature, humidity, lighting and number of visitor were also observed. Passive air sampling technique using open Petri dishes containing different culture media was employed. Blood agar plate was used for the bacteria, while Sabouraud dextrose agar plates were used for the fungi. Samplings were done twice daily, one in the morning and other in the afternoon. Isolates were identified according to standard methods. Results show that there was second class ward recorded the highest bacterial growth (1,413 cfu/m³ in the afternoon). The bacteria isolates were Bacillus sp, Enterobacter sp, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Staphylococcus aureus was the predominantly isolated bacterium. For the conclusion, from the reduction noticed in the morning samples, stringent measures such as proper disinfection and regular cleaning, restriction of patient relatives’ movement in and out the wards need to be enforced so as to improve the quality of indoor air of hospital wards.

Published in	Science Journal of Public Health (Volume 5, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.sjph.20170503.13
Page(s)	172-177
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Microbiological Assessment, Indoor Air, Hospital Wards

References

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[2]	Verde SC, Almeida SM, Matos J, Gurreiro D, Meneses M, Faria T, Botelho D, Santos M, Viegas C. (2015). Microbiological assessment of indoor air quality at different hospital sites. Research in Microbiology. 1-7.
[3]	Emuren K, Ordinioha B. (2016). Microbiological assessment of indoor air quality at different sites of a tertiary hospital in South-South Nigeria. Port Harcourt Medical Journal. 10: 79-84.
[4]	Fekadu S, Getachewu B. (2015). Microbiological Assessment of Indoor Air of Teaching Hospital Wards: A Case of Jimma University Specialized Hospital. Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences. 25 (2): 117-122.
[5]	World Health Organization (WHO). (2010). WHO Guidelines for Indoor Air Quality: Selected Pollutants. World Health Organization. Geneva.
[6]	Shokri S, Nikpey A, Varyani AS. (2016). Evaluation of hospital wards indoor air quality: the particles concentration. Journal of Air Pollution and Health. 1 (3): 205-214.
[7]	Awosika SA, Olajubu FA, Amusa NA. (2012). Microbiological assessment of indoor air of a teaching hospital in Nigeria. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine. 2 (6): 465-468.
[8]	Nevalainen A, Morawaska L. (2009). Biological Agents in Indoor Environments. Assessment of Health Risks. Work conducted by a WHO Expert Group between 2000–2003. World Health Organization. Geneva.
[9]	National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). (1989). Indoor Air Quality: Selected References. Ohio.
[10]	European Communities Commission (ECC). (1993). Indoor Air Quality and Its Impact On Man. Report No. 12: Biological Particles in Indoor Environments. Luxembourg.
[11]	Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (2010). SOP Sampling and Characterization of Bioaerosol in Indoor Air. Environmental Health and Engineering. United States of America.
[12]	Luksamijarulkul P, Aiempradit N, Vatanasomboon P. (2014). Microbial contamination on used surgical masks among health personnel and microbial air quality in their working wards: a hospital in Bangkok. Oman Medical Journal. 29 (5): 346-350.
[13]	World Health Organization (WHO). (2008). Essential environmental health standards in health care. Editors: John Adams, Jaime Bartram and Yves Chartier. World Health Organization. Geneva.
[14]	Aljeesh Y, Madhoun WA, Shamh IA, Arcaya M. (2016). Assessment of indoor air quality in neonatal intensive care unit in government hospitals in Gaza Strip, Palestine. Public Health Research. 6 (1): 24-30.

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APA Style

Muhammad Ikhtiar, Herlina Alzad, Swandari Paramita, Yadi. (2017). Microbiological Assessment of Indoor Air of Takalar County Hospital Wards in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Science Journal of Public Health, 5(3), 172-177. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20170503.13

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ACS Style

Muhammad Ikhtiar; Herlina Alzad; Swandari Paramita; Yadi. Microbiological Assessment of Indoor Air of Takalar County Hospital Wards in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Sci. J. Public Health 2017, 5(3), 172-177. doi: 10.11648/j.sjph.20170503.13

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AMA Style

Muhammad Ikhtiar, Herlina Alzad, Swandari Paramita, Yadi. Microbiological Assessment of Indoor Air of Takalar County Hospital Wards in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Sci J Public Health. 2017;5(3):172-177. doi: 10.11648/j.sjph.20170503.13

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@article{10.11648/j.sjph.20170503.13,
  author = {Muhammad Ikhtiar and Herlina Alzad and Swandari Paramita and Yadi},
  title = {Microbiological Assessment of Indoor Air of Takalar County Hospital Wards in South Sulawesi, Indonesia},
  journal = {Science Journal of Public Health},
  volume = {5},
  number = {3},
  pages = {172-177},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjph.20170503.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20170503.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjph.20170503.13},
  abstract = {Poor indoor air quality may lead to hospital acquired infection. Microbiological parameter is one of main standards of indoor air quality. The study objective was to investigate microbiological assessment of indoor air of different wards of Takalar County Hospital, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Four wards were used for sample collection and these included third, second, first and VIP class ward. Room air temperature, humidity, lighting and number of visitor were also observed. Passive air sampling technique using open Petri dishes containing different culture media was employed. Blood agar plate was used for the bacteria, while Sabouraud dextrose agar plates were used for the fungi. Samplings were done twice daily, one in the morning and other in the afternoon. Isolates were identified according to standard methods. Results show that there was second class ward recorded the highest bacterial growth (1,413 cfu/m3 in the afternoon). The bacteria isolates were Bacillus sp, Enterobacter sp, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Staphylococcus aureus was the predominantly isolated bacterium. For the conclusion, from the reduction noticed in the morning samples, stringent measures such as proper disinfection and regular cleaning, restriction of patient relatives’ movement in and out the wards need to be enforced so as to improve the quality of indoor air of hospital wards.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Microbiological Assessment of Indoor Air of Takalar County Hospital Wards in South Sulawesi, Indonesia
AU  - Muhammad Ikhtiar
AU  - Herlina Alzad
AU  - Swandari Paramita
AU  - Yadi
Y1  - 2017/03/09
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20170503.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.sjph.20170503.13
T2  - Science Journal of Public Health
JF  - Science Journal of Public Health
JO  - Science Journal of Public Health
SP  - 172
EP  - 177
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7950
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20170503.13
AB  - Poor indoor air quality may lead to hospital acquired infection. Microbiological parameter is one of main standards of indoor air quality. The study objective was to investigate microbiological assessment of indoor air of different wards of Takalar County Hospital, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Four wards were used for sample collection and these included third, second, first and VIP class ward. Room air temperature, humidity, lighting and number of visitor were also observed. Passive air sampling technique using open Petri dishes containing different culture media was employed. Blood agar plate was used for the bacteria, while Sabouraud dextrose agar plates were used for the fungi. Samplings were done twice daily, one in the morning and other in the afternoon. Isolates were identified according to standard methods. Results show that there was second class ward recorded the highest bacterial growth (1,413 cfu/m3 in the afternoon). The bacteria isolates were Bacillus sp, Enterobacter sp, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Staphylococcus aureus was the predominantly isolated bacterium. For the conclusion, from the reduction noticed in the morning samples, stringent measures such as proper disinfection and regular cleaning, restriction of patient relatives’ movement in and out the wards need to be enforced so as to improve the quality of indoor air of hospital wards.
VL  - 5
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Muhammad Ikhtiar

Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar, Indonesia
Herlina Alzad

Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar, Indonesia
Swandari Paramita

Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Indonesia
Yadi

Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Indonesia

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APA Style

Muhammad Ikhtiar, Herlina Alzad, Swandari Paramita, Yadi. (2017). Microbiological Assessment of Indoor Air of Takalar County Hospital Wards in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Science Journal of Public Health, 5(3), 172-177. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20170503.13

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ACS Style

Muhammad Ikhtiar; Herlina Alzad; Swandari Paramita; Yadi. Microbiological Assessment of Indoor Air of Takalar County Hospital Wards in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Sci. J. Public Health 2017, 5(3), 172-177. doi: 10.11648/j.sjph.20170503.13

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AMA Style

Muhammad Ikhtiar, Herlina Alzad, Swandari Paramita, Yadi. Microbiological Assessment of Indoor Air of Takalar County Hospital Wards in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Sci J Public Health. 2017;5(3):172-177. doi: 10.11648/j.sjph.20170503.13

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@article{10.11648/j.sjph.20170503.13,
  author = {Muhammad Ikhtiar and Herlina Alzad and Swandari Paramita and Yadi},
  title = {Microbiological Assessment of Indoor Air of Takalar County Hospital Wards in South Sulawesi, Indonesia},
  journal = {Science Journal of Public Health},
  volume = {5},
  number = {3},
  pages = {172-177},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjph.20170503.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20170503.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjph.20170503.13},
  abstract = {Poor indoor air quality may lead to hospital acquired infection. Microbiological parameter is one of main standards of indoor air quality. The study objective was to investigate microbiological assessment of indoor air of different wards of Takalar County Hospital, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Four wards were used for sample collection and these included third, second, first and VIP class ward. Room air temperature, humidity, lighting and number of visitor were also observed. Passive air sampling technique using open Petri dishes containing different culture media was employed. Blood agar plate was used for the bacteria, while Sabouraud dextrose agar plates were used for the fungi. Samplings were done twice daily, one in the morning and other in the afternoon. Isolates were identified according to standard methods. Results show that there was second class ward recorded the highest bacterial growth (1,413 cfu/m3 in the afternoon). The bacteria isolates were Bacillus sp, Enterobacter sp, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Staphylococcus aureus was the predominantly isolated bacterium. For the conclusion, from the reduction noticed in the morning samples, stringent measures such as proper disinfection and regular cleaning, restriction of patient relatives’ movement in and out the wards need to be enforced so as to improve the quality of indoor air of hospital wards.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Microbiological Assessment of Indoor Air of Takalar County Hospital Wards in South Sulawesi, Indonesia
AU  - Muhammad Ikhtiar
AU  - Herlina Alzad
AU  - Swandari Paramita
AU  - Yadi
Y1  - 2017/03/09
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20170503.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.sjph.20170503.13
T2  - Science Journal of Public Health
JF  - Science Journal of Public Health
JO  - Science Journal of Public Health
SP  - 172
EP  - 177
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7950
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20170503.13
AB  - Poor indoor air quality may lead to hospital acquired infection. Microbiological parameter is one of main standards of indoor air quality. The study objective was to investigate microbiological assessment of indoor air of different wards of Takalar County Hospital, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Four wards were used for sample collection and these included third, second, first and VIP class ward. Room air temperature, humidity, lighting and number of visitor were also observed. Passive air sampling technique using open Petri dishes containing different culture media was employed. Blood agar plate was used for the bacteria, while Sabouraud dextrose agar plates were used for the fungi. Samplings were done twice daily, one in the morning and other in the afternoon. Isolates were identified according to standard methods. Results show that there was second class ward recorded the highest bacterial growth (1,413 cfu/m3 in the afternoon). The bacteria isolates were Bacillus sp, Enterobacter sp, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Staphylococcus aureus was the predominantly isolated bacterium. For the conclusion, from the reduction noticed in the morning samples, stringent measures such as proper disinfection and regular cleaning, restriction of patient relatives’ movement in and out the wards need to be enforced so as to improve the quality of indoor air of hospital wards.
VL  - 5
IS  - 3
ER  -

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