Genetic Variation in Intramuscular Fat of Prime Lambs Supplemented with Varying Concentrations of Degummed Crude Canola Oil

Aaron Ross Flakemore; Razaq Oladimeji Balogun; Peter Daniel McEvoy; Bunmi Sherifat Malau-Aduli; Peter Nichols; Aduli Enoch Othniel Malau-Aduli

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140303.22

Genetic Variation in Intramuscular Fat of Prime Lambs Supplemented with Varying Concentrations of Degummed Crude Canola Oil

Aaron Ross Flakemore, Razaq Oladimeji Balogun, Peter Daniel McEvoy, Bunmi Sherifat Malau-Aduli, Peter Nichols, Aduli Enoch Othniel Malau-Aduli

Published in International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences (Volume 3, Issue 3)

Received: 15 April 2014 Accepted: 10 May 2014 Published: 20 May 2014

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Abstract

The main objective of this study was to quantify the intramuscular fat (IMF) content of Longissimus thoracis et lumborum, biceps femoris and triceps brachii muscles in genetically divergent lambs supplemented with varying levels of degummed crude canola oil (DCCO). Over a nine-week feeding trial, twenty-four first-cross prime lamb progeny from Merino, Dorset and White Suffolk rams mated with purebred Merino ewes under the same nutritional management were supplemented with one of three levels of wheat-based pellets with or without DCCO. The experimental treatments included the Control (1kg of plain wheat-based pellets without DCCO/head/day on dry matter basis), High (1kg of wheat-based pellets containing 50ml of DCCO/kg/head/day on dry matter basis) and Medium (500g of Control + 500g of High wheat-based pellets/head/day on dry matter basis). All lambs had a three-week adjustment period and had ad libitum access to lucerne hay and water. After nine weeks of supplementation, all experimental lambs were slaughtered at a commercial abattoir with the exception of four purebred Merino ewes retained in the flock for breeding purposes. IMF content was analysed using a 2:1 vol/vol ratio of chloroform/methanol extraction and precipitated with 10% potassium chloride. IMF content varied significantly with the level of DCCO supplementation (p<0.0125) and muscle type (p<0.0001). There were also highly significant interactions between sire breed and level of DCCO supplementation (P<0.0016), and muscle type and sex (P<0.0003) in IMF content. Prime lambs in the Control and Medium level of DCCO supplementation had the most IMF (3.18±0.12 and 3.28±0.14%, respectively) and the High treatment had the least (2.96±0.10%), suggesting a decrease in IMF as supplementation levels with DCCO increased. The Longissimus thoracis et lumborum had more IMF (3.69±0.11%) than the biceps femoris (2.87±0.11%)) and triceps brachii (2.90±0.12%) muscles. It was also evident that in ewes, the biceps femoris had the least IMF (2.4%) compared with Longissimus thoracis et lumborum (3.6%). This result indicates that supplementation of prime lambs with DCCO can be used as a management tool to vary the level of IMF content to suit different market specifications dictated by meat consumers. Whereas in themselves, sex and sire breed of lambs used in this study were not the primary drivers of IMF deposition, our results demonstrate that sheep farmers can modify their nutritional management and breed combinations by effectively utilizing appropriate sire breed and supplementation level combinations to manipulate the IMF content of various muscle types in ewe and wether prime lambs.

Published in	International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences (Volume 3, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140303.22
Page(s)	203-209
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2014. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Degummed Crude Canola Oil, Intramuscular Fat, Longissimus Thoracis et Lumborum, Biceps Femoris, Triceps Brachii

References

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Aaron Ross Flakemore, Razaq Oladimeji Balogun, Peter Daniel McEvoy, Bunmi Sherifat Malau-Aduli, Peter Nichols, et al. (2014). Genetic Variation in Intramuscular Fat of Prime Lambs Supplemented with Varying Concentrations of Degummed Crude Canola Oil. International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences, 3(3), 203-209. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140303.22

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Aaron Ross Flakemore; Razaq Oladimeji Balogun; Peter Daniel McEvoy; Bunmi Sherifat Malau-Aduli; Peter Nichols, et al. Genetic Variation in Intramuscular Fat of Prime Lambs Supplemented with Varying Concentrations of Degummed Crude Canola Oil. Int. J. Nutr. Food Sci. 2014, 3(3), 203-209. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140303.22

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Aaron Ross Flakemore, Razaq Oladimeji Balogun, Peter Daniel McEvoy, Bunmi Sherifat Malau-Aduli, Peter Nichols, et al. Genetic Variation in Intramuscular Fat of Prime Lambs Supplemented with Varying Concentrations of Degummed Crude Canola Oil. Int J Nutr Food Sci. 2014;3(3):203-209. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140303.22

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@article{10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140303.22,
  author = {Aaron Ross Flakemore and Razaq Oladimeji Balogun and Peter Daniel McEvoy and Bunmi Sherifat Malau-Aduli and Peter Nichols and Aduli Enoch Othniel Malau-Aduli},
  title = {Genetic Variation in Intramuscular Fat of Prime Lambs Supplemented with Varying Concentrations of Degummed Crude Canola Oil},
  journal = {International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  pages = {203-209},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140303.22},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140303.22},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijnfs.20140303.22},
  abstract = {The main objective of this study was to quantify the intramuscular fat (IMF) content of Longissimus thoracis et lumborum, biceps femoris and triceps brachii muscles in genetically divergent lambs supplemented with varying levels of degummed crude canola oil (DCCO). Over a nine-week feeding trial, twenty-four first-cross prime lamb progeny from Merino, Dorset and White Suffolk rams mated with purebred Merino ewes under the same nutritional management were supplemented with one of three levels of wheat-based pellets with or without DCCO. The experimental treatments included the Control (1kg of plain wheat-based pellets without DCCO/head/day on dry matter basis), High (1kg of wheat-based pellets containing 50ml of DCCO/kg/head/day on dry matter basis) and Medium (500g of Control + 500g of High wheat-based pellets/head/day on dry matter basis). All lambs had a three-week adjustment period and had ad libitum access to lucerne hay and water. After nine weeks of supplementation, all experimental lambs were slaughtered at a commercial abattoir with the exception of four purebred Merino ewes retained in the flock for breeding purposes. IMF content was analysed using a 2:1 vol/vol ratio of chloroform/methanol extraction and precipitated with 10% potassium chloride. IMF content varied significantly with the level of DCCO supplementation (p<0.0125) and muscle type (p<0.0001). There were also highly significant interactions between sire breed and level of DCCO supplementation (P<0.0016), and muscle type and sex (P<0.0003) in IMF content. Prime lambs in the Control and Medium level of DCCO supplementation had the most IMF (3.18±0.12 and 3.28±0.14%, respectively) and the High treatment had the least (2.96±0.10%), suggesting a decrease in IMF as supplementation levels with DCCO increased. The Longissimus thoracis et lumborum had more IMF (3.69±0.11%) than the biceps femoris (2.87±0.11%)) and triceps brachii (2.90±0.12%) muscles.  It was also evident that in ewes, the biceps femoris had the least IMF (2.4%) compared with Longissimus thoracis et lumborum (3.6%). This result indicates that supplementation of prime lambs with DCCO can be used as a management tool to vary the level of IMF content to suit different market specifications dictated by meat consumers. Whereas in themselves, sex and sire breed of lambs used in this study were not the primary drivers of IMF deposition, our results demonstrate that sheep farmers can modify their nutritional management and breed combinations by effectively utilizing appropriate sire breed and supplementation level combinations to manipulate the IMF content of various muscle types in ewe and wether prime lambs.},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Genetic Variation in Intramuscular Fat of Prime Lambs Supplemented with Varying Concentrations of Degummed Crude Canola Oil
AU  - Aaron Ross Flakemore
AU  - Razaq Oladimeji Balogun
AU  - Peter Daniel McEvoy
AU  - Bunmi Sherifat Malau-Aduli
AU  - Peter Nichols
AU  - Aduli Enoch Othniel Malau-Aduli
Y1  - 2014/05/20
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140303.22
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140303.22
T2  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
JF  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
JO  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
SP  - 203
EP  - 209
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2327-2716
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140303.22
AB  - The main objective of this study was to quantify the intramuscular fat (IMF) content of Longissimus thoracis et lumborum, biceps femoris and triceps brachii muscles in genetically divergent lambs supplemented with varying levels of degummed crude canola oil (DCCO). Over a nine-week feeding trial, twenty-four first-cross prime lamb progeny from Merino, Dorset and White Suffolk rams mated with purebred Merino ewes under the same nutritional management were supplemented with one of three levels of wheat-based pellets with or without DCCO. The experimental treatments included the Control (1kg of plain wheat-based pellets without DCCO/head/day on dry matter basis), High (1kg of wheat-based pellets containing 50ml of DCCO/kg/head/day on dry matter basis) and Medium (500g of Control + 500g of High wheat-based pellets/head/day on dry matter basis). All lambs had a three-week adjustment period and had ad libitum access to lucerne hay and water. After nine weeks of supplementation, all experimental lambs were slaughtered at a commercial abattoir with the exception of four purebred Merino ewes retained in the flock for breeding purposes. IMF content was analysed using a 2:1 vol/vol ratio of chloroform/methanol extraction and precipitated with 10% potassium chloride. IMF content varied significantly with the level of DCCO supplementation (p<0.0125) and muscle type (p<0.0001). There were also highly significant interactions between sire breed and level of DCCO supplementation (P<0.0016), and muscle type and sex (P<0.0003) in IMF content. Prime lambs in the Control and Medium level of DCCO supplementation had the most IMF (3.18±0.12 and 3.28±0.14%, respectively) and the High treatment had the least (2.96±0.10%), suggesting a decrease in IMF as supplementation levels with DCCO increased. The Longissimus thoracis et lumborum had more IMF (3.69±0.11%) than the biceps femoris (2.87±0.11%)) and triceps brachii (2.90±0.12%) muscles.  It was also evident that in ewes, the biceps femoris had the least IMF (2.4%) compared with Longissimus thoracis et lumborum (3.6%). This result indicates that supplementation of prime lambs with DCCO can be used as a management tool to vary the level of IMF content to suit different market specifications dictated by meat consumers. Whereas in themselves, sex and sire breed of lambs used in this study were not the primary drivers of IMF deposition, our results demonstrate that sheep farmers can modify their nutritional management and breed combinations by effectively utilizing appropriate sire breed and supplementation level combinations to manipulate the IMF content of various muscle types in ewe and wether prime lambs.
VL  - 3
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Aaron Ross Flakemore

Animal Science and Genetics, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, School of Land and Food, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, Hobart, Australia
Razaq Oladimeji Balogun

Coprice Feeds, PO Box 104 Cobden, Victoria 3266, Australia
Peter Daniel McEvoy

Animal Science and Genetics, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, School of Land and Food, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, Hobart, Australia
Bunmi Sherifat Malau-Aduli

School of Medicine and Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Molecular Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
Peter Nichols

Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Food Futures Flagship, Division of Marine and Atmospheric Research, Hobart, Australia
Aduli Enoch Othniel Malau-Aduli

Animal Science and Genetics, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, School of Land and Food, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, Hobart, Australia

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Aaron Ross Flakemore, Razaq Oladimeji Balogun, Peter Daniel McEvoy, Bunmi Sherifat Malau-Aduli, Peter Nichols, et al. (2014). Genetic Variation in Intramuscular Fat of Prime Lambs Supplemented with Varying Concentrations of Degummed Crude Canola Oil. International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences, 3(3), 203-209. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140303.22

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ACS Style

Aaron Ross Flakemore; Razaq Oladimeji Balogun; Peter Daniel McEvoy; Bunmi Sherifat Malau-Aduli; Peter Nichols, et al. Genetic Variation in Intramuscular Fat of Prime Lambs Supplemented with Varying Concentrations of Degummed Crude Canola Oil. Int. J. Nutr. Food Sci. 2014, 3(3), 203-209. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140303.22

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AMA Style

Aaron Ross Flakemore, Razaq Oladimeji Balogun, Peter Daniel McEvoy, Bunmi Sherifat Malau-Aduli, Peter Nichols, et al. Genetic Variation in Intramuscular Fat of Prime Lambs Supplemented with Varying Concentrations of Degummed Crude Canola Oil. Int J Nutr Food Sci. 2014;3(3):203-209. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140303.22

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@article{10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140303.22,
  author = {Aaron Ross Flakemore and Razaq Oladimeji Balogun and Peter Daniel McEvoy and Bunmi Sherifat Malau-Aduli and Peter Nichols and Aduli Enoch Othniel Malau-Aduli},
  title = {Genetic Variation in Intramuscular Fat of Prime Lambs Supplemented with Varying Concentrations of Degummed Crude Canola Oil},
  journal = {International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  pages = {203-209},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140303.22},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140303.22},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijnfs.20140303.22},
  abstract = {The main objective of this study was to quantify the intramuscular fat (IMF) content of Longissimus thoracis et lumborum, biceps femoris and triceps brachii muscles in genetically divergent lambs supplemented with varying levels of degummed crude canola oil (DCCO). Over a nine-week feeding trial, twenty-four first-cross prime lamb progeny from Merino, Dorset and White Suffolk rams mated with purebred Merino ewes under the same nutritional management were supplemented with one of three levels of wheat-based pellets with or without DCCO. The experimental treatments included the Control (1kg of plain wheat-based pellets without DCCO/head/day on dry matter basis), High (1kg of wheat-based pellets containing 50ml of DCCO/kg/head/day on dry matter basis) and Medium (500g of Control + 500g of High wheat-based pellets/head/day on dry matter basis). All lambs had a three-week adjustment period and had ad libitum access to lucerne hay and water. After nine weeks of supplementation, all experimental lambs were slaughtered at a commercial abattoir with the exception of four purebred Merino ewes retained in the flock for breeding purposes. IMF content was analysed using a 2:1 vol/vol ratio of chloroform/methanol extraction and precipitated with 10% potassium chloride. IMF content varied significantly with the level of DCCO supplementation (p<0.0125) and muscle type (p<0.0001). There were also highly significant interactions between sire breed and level of DCCO supplementation (P<0.0016), and muscle type and sex (P<0.0003) in IMF content. Prime lambs in the Control and Medium level of DCCO supplementation had the most IMF (3.18±0.12 and 3.28±0.14%, respectively) and the High treatment had the least (2.96±0.10%), suggesting a decrease in IMF as supplementation levels with DCCO increased. The Longissimus thoracis et lumborum had more IMF (3.69±0.11%) than the biceps femoris (2.87±0.11%)) and triceps brachii (2.90±0.12%) muscles.  It was also evident that in ewes, the biceps femoris had the least IMF (2.4%) compared with Longissimus thoracis et lumborum (3.6%). This result indicates that supplementation of prime lambs with DCCO can be used as a management tool to vary the level of IMF content to suit different market specifications dictated by meat consumers. Whereas in themselves, sex and sire breed of lambs used in this study were not the primary drivers of IMF deposition, our results demonstrate that sheep farmers can modify their nutritional management and breed combinations by effectively utilizing appropriate sire breed and supplementation level combinations to manipulate the IMF content of various muscle types in ewe and wether prime lambs.},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Genetic Variation in Intramuscular Fat of Prime Lambs Supplemented with Varying Concentrations of Degummed Crude Canola Oil
AU  - Aaron Ross Flakemore
AU  - Razaq Oladimeji Balogun
AU  - Peter Daniel McEvoy
AU  - Bunmi Sherifat Malau-Aduli
AU  - Peter Nichols
AU  - Aduli Enoch Othniel Malau-Aduli
Y1  - 2014/05/20
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140303.22
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140303.22
T2  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
JF  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
JO  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
SP  - 203
EP  - 209
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2327-2716
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140303.22
AB  - The main objective of this study was to quantify the intramuscular fat (IMF) content of Longissimus thoracis et lumborum, biceps femoris and triceps brachii muscles in genetically divergent lambs supplemented with varying levels of degummed crude canola oil (DCCO). Over a nine-week feeding trial, twenty-four first-cross prime lamb progeny from Merino, Dorset and White Suffolk rams mated with purebred Merino ewes under the same nutritional management were supplemented with one of three levels of wheat-based pellets with or without DCCO. The experimental treatments included the Control (1kg of plain wheat-based pellets without DCCO/head/day on dry matter basis), High (1kg of wheat-based pellets containing 50ml of DCCO/kg/head/day on dry matter basis) and Medium (500g of Control + 500g of High wheat-based pellets/head/day on dry matter basis). All lambs had a three-week adjustment period and had ad libitum access to lucerne hay and water. After nine weeks of supplementation, all experimental lambs were slaughtered at a commercial abattoir with the exception of four purebred Merino ewes retained in the flock for breeding purposes. IMF content was analysed using a 2:1 vol/vol ratio of chloroform/methanol extraction and precipitated with 10% potassium chloride. IMF content varied significantly with the level of DCCO supplementation (p<0.0125) and muscle type (p<0.0001). There were also highly significant interactions between sire breed and level of DCCO supplementation (P<0.0016), and muscle type and sex (P<0.0003) in IMF content. Prime lambs in the Control and Medium level of DCCO supplementation had the most IMF (3.18±0.12 and 3.28±0.14%, respectively) and the High treatment had the least (2.96±0.10%), suggesting a decrease in IMF as supplementation levels with DCCO increased. The Longissimus thoracis et lumborum had more IMF (3.69±0.11%) than the biceps femoris (2.87±0.11%)) and triceps brachii (2.90±0.12%) muscles.  It was also evident that in ewes, the biceps femoris had the least IMF (2.4%) compared with Longissimus thoracis et lumborum (3.6%). This result indicates that supplementation of prime lambs with DCCO can be used as a management tool to vary the level of IMF content to suit different market specifications dictated by meat consumers. Whereas in themselves, sex and sire breed of lambs used in this study were not the primary drivers of IMF deposition, our results demonstrate that sheep farmers can modify their nutritional management and breed combinations by effectively utilizing appropriate sire breed and supplementation level combinations to manipulate the IMF content of various muscle types in ewe and wether prime lambs.
VL  - 3
IS  - 3
ER  -

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