Assessment and Utilization of Some Egyptian Clay Deposits for Producing Lightweight Concrete

Ali Ismail; Hamed Mekky; Mohamed Saad Elmaghraby

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140303.11

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Assessment and Utilization of Some Egyptian Clay Deposits for Producing Lightweight Concrete

Ali Ismail, Hamed Mekky, Mohamed Saad Elmaghraby

Published in International Journal of Materials Science and Applications (Volume 3, Issue 3)

Received: 18 March 2014 Accepted: 14 April 2014 Published: 30 April 2014

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Abstract

The clay materials were collected from Fayoum area (F- type) and Alamine area (A- type and S- type). Swelling and PH measurnments for the selected raw clay materials were measured. Chemical and mineral composition was investigated using XRF and XRD, respectively. Chemical analysis confirms that F type has higher alumina than the other two types of clay A and S. Kaolinite is an essential mineral in F type while it occurs in minor amount in A and S types. Montmorillonite detected classified into calcium montmorillonite and sodium montmorillonite. Calcium montmorillonite is observed in F type while sodium montmorillonite is detected in both samples of S and A types. PH value results refer to the F type is slightly below 7 while the S and A types are above 8. Swelling measurements showed also different values in the three types of clay materials reaching a value of 300% in S- types 100% in soil A and 50% in F- type. The data of swelling and PH confirm the distribution of montmorillonite in the three types of clay materials. The bloataility of the fired granules in term of density show that the lowest density for A and S types (0.84 and 0.65 g/cm3 at 1150o C respectively.) compared with the F type (1.75g/cm3) at 1200o C. XRD patterns of the fired clay samples confirm that A and S mainly composed of quartz and hematite as well as some albite in restricted to A type. F sample record mullite in addition to the cristobalite and quartz. Lightweight concretes blocks of low density and relatively good strength are tested for producing and utilized in modern building trend for dead–load construction and wall construction were prepared from clay materials under investigation by firing the A and S types up to 1150oC using a rate of heating 20oC/min

Published in	International Journal of Materials Science and Applications (Volume 3, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140303.11
Page(s)	79-83
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2014. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Clay Minerals, Clay Swelling, Bloatability of Clay, Light Weight Concretes

References

[1]	Said, R., (1990): The geology of Egypt, 2nd Ed., A. A. Balkeema publishers, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
[2]	Grim, R. E. (1962): Applied clay mineralogy, Mc Graw Hill Book Comp., Inc., New York Toronto, London.
[3]	Grim, R. E. (1968): Clay mineralogy, 2nd ed., Mc Graw Hill Book Comp., Inc., New York Toronto, London
[4]	Grimshaw, R. W., (1971): The chemistry and physics of clays and other Ceramic Materials, Ernest Benn, London.
[5]	Norton, F. H., (1969): Refractories, 4th Ed., Mc Graw Hill Book Comp., Inc., New York Toronto, London
[6]	Konta, J., (1979): Properties of Ceramic raw materials, Monograph 1.1.4 in: Ceramic monographs Hand Book of Ceramic, Verlag Schmid Gmbh, Freierg i. Brg.
[7]	Serry, M. A., Hegab, M. and Elbana, M. M., (1985): Lightweight clay aggregates from wadi El- Natrun clays (Egypt) Sprechsael v. 118, N11
[8]	Konta, J. (1995) Clay and man: Clay raw materials in the service of man , Applied Clay Science 10, 275-335
[9]	Karaman S., Gunal, H. and Ersahin S. (2006) Assesment of clay bricks compressive strength using quantitative values of colour components, Construction and Building Materials 20, 348–354
[10]	Bernhardt, M., et al. (2013) Mechanical properties of lightweight aggregates Journal of the European Ceramic Society 33 2731–2743
[11]	Plummer, Norman, and Hladik, W. B«, (1951) The manufacture of lightweight concrete from Kansas clays and shales: Kansas Geol, Survey Bull. 91, 100 pp.
[12]	Prokopovich,Nikola, and Schwartz, G, M, (1957) Preliminary survey of bloating clays 'and shales of Minnesota: Minnesota Geol. Survey Summary Rept, 69 pp.
[13]	Riley, C* M. (1951) Relation of chemical properties to the bloating of clays: Jour. Amer. Ceramic Society, vol. 34, pp. 121-128.
[14]	Sullivan, J« D» , et al. (1942) Expanded clay products: Mining Technology, vol. 6, no, 4, T. P. 1485, 10 pp.
[15]	White, W. A. (I960) Lightweight aggregate from Illinois shales: Illinois State Geol. Survey Circ. 290, 29 pp.
[16]	Conley, J. E., et al. (1948) Production of lightweight concrete aggregates from clays, shales, slates, and other materials: U. S, Bur, Mines Rept. Invest, 4401, 121 pp.
[17]	British standard 2028. (1968) precast concrete blocks, British standard institution.

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APA Style

Ali Ismail, Hamed Mekky, Mohamed Saad Elmaghraby. (2014). Assessment and Utilization of Some Egyptian Clay Deposits for Producing Lightweight Concrete. International Journal of Materials Science and Applications, 3(3), 79-83. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140303.11

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ACS Style

Ali Ismail; Hamed Mekky; Mohamed Saad Elmaghraby. Assessment and Utilization of Some Egyptian Clay Deposits for Producing Lightweight Concrete. Int. J. Mater. Sci. Appl. 2014, 3(3), 79-83. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140303.11

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AMA Style

Ali Ismail, Hamed Mekky, Mohamed Saad Elmaghraby. Assessment and Utilization of Some Egyptian Clay Deposits for Producing Lightweight Concrete. Int J Mater Sci Appl. 2014;3(3):79-83. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140303.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140303.11,
  author = {Ali Ismail and Hamed Mekky and Mohamed Saad Elmaghraby},
  title = {Assessment and Utilization of Some Egyptian Clay Deposits for Producing Lightweight Concrete},
  journal = {International Journal of Materials Science and Applications},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  pages = {79-83},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140303.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140303.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmsa.20140303.11},
  abstract = {The clay materials were collected from Fayoum area (F- type) and Alamine area (A- type and S- type). Swelling and PH measurnments for the selected raw clay materials were measured. Chemical and mineral composition was investigated using XRF and XRD, respectively. Chemical analysis confirms that F type has higher alumina than the other two types of clay A and S. Kaolinite is an essential mineral in F type while it occurs in minor amount in A and S types. Montmorillonite detected classified into calcium montmorillonite and sodium montmorillonite. Calcium montmorillonite is observed in F type while sodium montmorillonite is detected in both samples of S and A types.  PH value results refer to the F type is slightly below 7 while the S and A types are above 8. Swelling measurements showed also different values in the three types of clay materials reaching a value of 300% in S- types 100% in soil A and 50% in F- type. The data of swelling and PH confirm the distribution of montmorillonite in the three types of clay materials. The bloataility of the fired granules in term of density show that the lowest density for A and S types (0.84 and 0.65 g/cm3 at 1150o C respectively.) compared with the F type (1.75g/cm3) at 1200o C. XRD patterns of the fired clay samples confirm that A and S mainly composed of quartz and hematite as well as some albite in restricted to A type. F sample record mullite in addition to the cristobalite and quartz. Lightweight concretes blocks of low density and relatively good strength are tested for producing  and utilized in modern building trend for dead–load construction and wall construction were prepared from clay materials under investigation by firing the A and S types up to 1150oC using a rate of heating 20oC/min},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Assessment and Utilization of Some Egyptian Clay Deposits for Producing Lightweight Concrete
AU - Ali Ismail
AU - Hamed Mekky
AU - Mohamed Saad Elmaghraby
Y1 - 2014/04/30
PY - 2014
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140303.11
DO - 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140303.11
T2 - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
JF - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
JO - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
SP - 79
EP - 83
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2327-2643
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140303.11
AB - The clay materials were collected from Fayoum area (F- type) and Alamine area (A- type and S- type). Swelling and PH measurnments for the selected raw clay materials were measured. Chemical and mineral composition was investigated using XRF and XRD, respectively. Chemical analysis confirms that F type has higher alumina than the other two types of clay A and S. Kaolinite is an essential mineral in F type while it occurs in minor amount in A and S types. Montmorillonite detected classified into calcium montmorillonite and sodium montmorillonite. Calcium montmorillonite is observed in F type while sodium montmorillonite is detected in both samples of S and A types. PH value results refer to the F type is slightly below 7 while the S and A types are above 8. Swelling measurements showed also different values in the three types of clay materials reaching a value of 300% in S- types 100% in soil A and 50% in F- type. The data of swelling and PH confirm the distribution of montmorillonite in the three types of clay materials. The bloataility of the fired granules in term of density show that the lowest density for A and S types (0.84 and 0.65 g/cm3 at 1150o C respectively.) compared with the F type (1.75g/cm3) at 1200o C. XRD patterns of the fired clay samples confirm that A and S mainly composed of quartz and hematite as well as some albite in restricted to A type. F sample record mullite in addition to the cristobalite and quartz. Lightweight concretes blocks of low density and relatively good strength are tested for producing and utilized in modern building trend for dead–load construction and wall construction were prepared from clay materials under investigation by firing the A and S types up to 1150oC using a rate of heating 20oC/min
VL - 3
IS - 3
ER -

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Author Information

Ali Ismail

Geological Sciences Department, National Research Center, Egypt
Hamed Mekky

Geological Sciences Department, National Research Center, Egypt
Mohamed Saad Elmaghraby

Ceramic Department, National Research Center, Egypt

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APA Style

Ali Ismail, Hamed Mekky, Mohamed Saad Elmaghraby. (2014). Assessment and Utilization of Some Egyptian Clay Deposits for Producing Lightweight Concrete. International Journal of Materials Science and Applications, 3(3), 79-83. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140303.11

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ACS Style

Ali Ismail; Hamed Mekky; Mohamed Saad Elmaghraby. Assessment and Utilization of Some Egyptian Clay Deposits for Producing Lightweight Concrete. Int. J. Mater. Sci. Appl. 2014, 3(3), 79-83. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140303.11

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AMA Style

Ali Ismail, Hamed Mekky, Mohamed Saad Elmaghraby. Assessment and Utilization of Some Egyptian Clay Deposits for Producing Lightweight Concrete. Int J Mater Sci Appl. 2014;3(3):79-83. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140303.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140303.11,
  author = {Ali Ismail and Hamed Mekky and Mohamed Saad Elmaghraby},
  title = {Assessment and Utilization of Some Egyptian Clay Deposits for Producing Lightweight Concrete},
  journal = {International Journal of Materials Science and Applications},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  pages = {79-83},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140303.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140303.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmsa.20140303.11},
  abstract = {The clay materials were collected from Fayoum area (F- type) and Alamine area (A- type and S- type). Swelling and PH measurnments for the selected raw clay materials were measured. Chemical and mineral composition was investigated using XRF and XRD, respectively. Chemical analysis confirms that F type has higher alumina than the other two types of clay A and S. Kaolinite is an essential mineral in F type while it occurs in minor amount in A and S types. Montmorillonite detected classified into calcium montmorillonite and sodium montmorillonite. Calcium montmorillonite is observed in F type while sodium montmorillonite is detected in both samples of S and A types.  PH value results refer to the F type is slightly below 7 while the S and A types are above 8. Swelling measurements showed also different values in the three types of clay materials reaching a value of 300% in S- types 100% in soil A and 50% in F- type. The data of swelling and PH confirm the distribution of montmorillonite in the three types of clay materials. The bloataility of the fired granules in term of density show that the lowest density for A and S types (0.84 and 0.65 g/cm3 at 1150o C respectively.) compared with the F type (1.75g/cm3) at 1200o C. XRD patterns of the fired clay samples confirm that A and S mainly composed of quartz and hematite as well as some albite in restricted to A type. F sample record mullite in addition to the cristobalite and quartz. Lightweight concretes blocks of low density and relatively good strength are tested for producing  and utilized in modern building trend for dead–load construction and wall construction were prepared from clay materials under investigation by firing the A and S types up to 1150oC using a rate of heating 20oC/min},
 year = {2014}
}

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