Characterization of Inferior Alveolar Canal in Sudanese Populations Using Orthopantomography

Caroline Edward Ayad; Zenab Homeda Ali Elhag; Elsafi Ahmed Abdalla; Mohammed Elfadil Mohammed; Samih Kajoak

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijmi.20130103.11

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Characterization of Inferior Alveolar Canal in Sudanese Populations Using Orthopantomography

Caroline Edward Ayad, Zenab Homeda Ali Elhag, Elsafi Ahmed Abdalla, Mohammed Elfadil Mohammed, Samih Kajoak

Published in International Journal of Medical Imaging (Volume 1, Issue 3)

Received: 5 November 2013 Published: 10 December 2013

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Abstract

The importance of Inferior alveolar Canal lies in that it may be positioned at different locations in the mandible, where the mandibular nerve bundle passes through and may be damaged during dental implantation. The researchers characterized the Inferior alveolar Canal in order to avoid injury during the maxillofacial surgery or during dental implant procedures in both sides of the mandible and in both genders and compared the variables in the Sudanese population with those reported in other nations. The study consisted of two hundred and two Orthopantomograms which were collected and analyzed; five measures were selected and studied for right and left sides of the jaw for males and females. The distances were measured in millimeters: distance between superior border of Inferior alveolar Canal and second molar, second premolar and alveolar bone, height of Inferior alveolar Canal and the distance to the mandible border. The collected data were then correlated with age and gender. The results showed that the measured distances were correlated linearly with age in both genders, and no significant differences were detected when comparing both sides of the mandibles in both genders. Significant differences between males and females measurements were detected and also in the Sudanese and other populations. The research has come out with findings that Orthopantomogram is suitable radiological method to characterize the location of Inferior alveolar Canal for Sudanese population as the knowledge about the canal anatomical variations is essential in order to avoid complications during dental surgery or treatment.

Published in	International Journal of Medical Imaging (Volume 1, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijmi.20130103.11
Page(s)	39-44
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2013. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Inferior Alveolar Canal, Nerves, Anatomy, Orthopantomography

References

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[2]	J.Gintaras, W.Hom-Lay, S.Gintautas.Anatomy of Mandibular Vital Structures. Part I: Mandibular Canal and Inferior Alveolar Neurovascular Bundle in Relation with Dental ImplantologyJ Oral Maxillofac Res;2010 (Jan-Mar) vol. 1 ,No 1, 3
[3]	CS .Miller, PV .Nummikoski, DA Barnett, RP Langlais. Cross-sectional tomography. A diagnostic technique for determining the buccolingual relationship of impacted mandibular third molars and the inferior alveolar neurovascular bundle. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1990 Dec;70(6):791-7.
[4]	H. Davis. Mobilization of the Alveolar Nerve to Allow Placement of Osseointegratible Fixtures. In: Advanced Osseointegration Surgery: Application in the Maxillofacial Region. Chicago: Quintessence Publishing Co.: 2000: 129–141
[5]	C.A Lindh . B,Petersson,Klinge .measurement of distances related to the mandibuler canal in radiographs, Clin Oral Impln Res ,1995;6:96-103
[6]	H.Tal . & OA. Moses. comparison of panoramic radiography with computed tomography in planning of implant Surgery.Dentomaxillofacial Radiology,1991; 20:40-42
[7]	ST. Kim, KS. Hu, WC. Song, MK. Kang, HD .Park, HJ .Kim. Location of the mandibular canal and the topography of its neurovascular structures. J Craniofac Surg. 2009 May;20(3):936-9.
[8]	IS .Kim, SG. Kim, YK. Kim, JD .Kim. Position of the mental foramen in a Korean population: a clinical and radiographic study. Implant Dent. 2006;15(4):404-11.
[9]	S. Rueda, JA Gil, R Pichery, M Alcañiz. Automatic segmentation of jaw tissues in CT using active appearance models and semi-automatic landmarking. Med Image Comput Comput Assist Interv. 2006;9:167-74.
[10]	AG..Lurie Panoramic imaging. In: White SC, Pharoah MJ (eds). Oral Radiology, 5th edn. Mosby, St Louis, 2004; 191–209
[11]	J .Rajchel, Ellis E 3rd, Fonseca RJ. The anatomical location of the mandibular canal: its relationship to the sagittal ramus osteotomy. Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg. Winter, 1986;1(1):37-47.
[12]	O. Obradovic, L .Todorovic, V. Pesic, B .Pejkovic, V.Vitanovic. Morphometric analysis of mandibular canal: clinical aspects. Bull Group Int Rech Sci Stomatol Odontol. 1993 ;36(3-4):109-130
[13]	K. Ikeda, KC .Ho, BH. Nowicki, VM .Haughton. Multiplanar MR and anatomic study of the mandibular canal. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. Mar1996;17(3):579-84.
[14]	I .Sato, R. Ueno, T .Kawai, T. Yosue. Rare courses of the mandibular canal in the molar regions of the human mandible: a cadaveric study. Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn. 2005 Nov;82(3):95-101.
[15]	D .Denio, M. Torabinejad, LK. Bakland. Anatomical relationship of the mandibular canal to its surrounding structures in mature mandibles. J Endod. Apr 1992;18(4):161-5.
[16]	MH Levine, AL Goddard, TB Dodson. Inferior alveolar nerve canal position: a clinical and radiographic study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2007 Mar;65(3):470-4
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APA Style

Caroline Edward Ayad, Zenab Homeda Ali Elhag, Elsafi Ahmed Abdalla, Mohammed Elfadil Mohammed, Samih Kajoak. (2013). Characterization of Inferior Alveolar Canal in Sudanese Populations Using Orthopantomography. International Journal of Medical Imaging, 1(3), 39-44. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmi.20130103.11

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ACS Style

Caroline Edward Ayad; Zenab Homeda Ali Elhag; Elsafi Ahmed Abdalla; Mohammed Elfadil Mohammed; Samih Kajoak. Characterization of Inferior Alveolar Canal in Sudanese Populations Using Orthopantomography. Int. J. Med. Imaging 2013, 1(3), 39-44. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmi.20130103.11

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AMA Style

Caroline Edward Ayad, Zenab Homeda Ali Elhag, Elsafi Ahmed Abdalla, Mohammed Elfadil Mohammed, Samih Kajoak. Characterization of Inferior Alveolar Canal in Sudanese Populations Using Orthopantomography. Int J Med Imaging. 2013;1(3):39-44. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmi.20130103.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijmi.20130103.11,
  author = {Caroline Edward Ayad and Zenab Homeda Ali Elhag and Elsafi Ahmed Abdalla and Mohammed Elfadil Mohammed and Samih Kajoak},
  title = {Characterization of Inferior Alveolar Canal in Sudanese Populations Using Orthopantomography},
  journal = {International Journal of Medical Imaging},
  volume = {1},
  number = {3},
  pages = {39-44},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijmi.20130103.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmi.20130103.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmi.20130103.11},
  abstract = {The importance of Inferior alveolar Canal lies in that it may be positioned at different locations in the mandible, where the mandibular nerve bundle passes through and may be damaged during dental implantation. The researchers characterized the Inferior alveolar Canal in order to avoid injury during the maxillofacial surgery or during dental implant procedures in both sides of the mandible and in both genders and compared the variables in the Sudanese population with those reported in other nations. The study consisted of two hundred and two Orthopantomograms which were collected and analyzed; five measures were selected and studied for right and left sides of the jaw for males and females. The distances were measured in millimeters: distance between superior border of Inferior alveolar Canal and second molar, second premolar and alveolar bone, height of Inferior alveolar Canal and the distance to the mandible border. The collected data were then correlated with age and gender. The results showed that the measured distances were correlated linearly with age in both genders, and no significant differences were detected when comparing both sides of the mandibles in both genders. Significant differences between males and females measurements were detected and also in the Sudanese and other populations. The research has come out with findings that Orthopantomogram is suitable radiological method to characterize the location of Inferior alveolar Canal for Sudanese population as the knowledge about the canal anatomical variations is essential in order to avoid complications during dental surgery or treatment.},
 year = {2013}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Characterization of Inferior Alveolar Canal in Sudanese Populations Using Orthopantomography
AU  - Caroline Edward Ayad
AU  - Zenab Homeda Ali Elhag
AU  - Elsafi Ahmed Abdalla
AU  - Mohammed Elfadil Mohammed
AU  - Samih Kajoak
Y1  - 2013/12/10
PY  - 2013
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmi.20130103.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijmi.20130103.11
T2  - International Journal of Medical Imaging
JF  - International Journal of Medical Imaging
JO  - International Journal of Medical Imaging
SP  - 39
EP  - 44
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-832X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmi.20130103.11
AB  - The importance of Inferior alveolar Canal lies in that it may be positioned at different locations in the mandible, where the mandibular nerve bundle passes through and may be damaged during dental implantation. The researchers characterized the Inferior alveolar Canal in order to avoid injury during the maxillofacial surgery or during dental implant procedures in both sides of the mandible and in both genders and compared the variables in the Sudanese population with those reported in other nations. The study consisted of two hundred and two Orthopantomograms which were collected and analyzed; five measures were selected and studied for right and left sides of the jaw for males and females. The distances were measured in millimeters: distance between superior border of Inferior alveolar Canal and second molar, second premolar and alveolar bone, height of Inferior alveolar Canal and the distance to the mandible border. The collected data were then correlated with age and gender. The results showed that the measured distances were correlated linearly with age in both genders, and no significant differences were detected when comparing both sides of the mandibles in both genders. Significant differences between males and females measurements were detected and also in the Sudanese and other populations. The research has come out with findings that Orthopantomogram is suitable radiological method to characterize the location of Inferior alveolar Canal for Sudanese population as the knowledge about the canal anatomical variations is essential in order to avoid complications during dental surgery or treatment.
VL  - 1
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Caroline Edward Ayad

Diagnostic Radiology Department, College of Medical Radiological Science, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum , Sudan
Zenab Homeda Ali Elhag

Diagnostic Radiology Department, College of Medical Radiological Science, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum , Sudan
Elsafi Ahmed Abdalla

Diagnostic Radiology Department, College of Medical Radiological Science, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum , Sudan
Mohammed Elfadil Mohammed

Diagnostic Radiology Department, College of Medical Radiological Science, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum , Sudan
Samih Kajoak

College of Applied Medical Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology Department, Hail University, Saudi Arabia

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APA Style

Caroline Edward Ayad, Zenab Homeda Ali Elhag, Elsafi Ahmed Abdalla, Mohammed Elfadil Mohammed, Samih Kajoak. (2013). Characterization of Inferior Alveolar Canal in Sudanese Populations Using Orthopantomography. International Journal of Medical Imaging, 1(3), 39-44. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmi.20130103.11

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ACS Style

Caroline Edward Ayad; Zenab Homeda Ali Elhag; Elsafi Ahmed Abdalla; Mohammed Elfadil Mohammed; Samih Kajoak. Characterization of Inferior Alveolar Canal in Sudanese Populations Using Orthopantomography. Int. J. Med. Imaging 2013, 1(3), 39-44. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmi.20130103.11

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AMA Style

Caroline Edward Ayad, Zenab Homeda Ali Elhag, Elsafi Ahmed Abdalla, Mohammed Elfadil Mohammed, Samih Kajoak. Characterization of Inferior Alveolar Canal in Sudanese Populations Using Orthopantomography. Int J Med Imaging. 2013;1(3):39-44. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmi.20130103.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijmi.20130103.11,
  author = {Caroline Edward Ayad and Zenab Homeda Ali Elhag and Elsafi Ahmed Abdalla and Mohammed Elfadil Mohammed and Samih Kajoak},
  title = {Characterization of Inferior Alveolar Canal in Sudanese Populations Using Orthopantomography},
  journal = {International Journal of Medical Imaging},
  volume = {1},
  number = {3},
  pages = {39-44},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijmi.20130103.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmi.20130103.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmi.20130103.11},
  abstract = {The importance of Inferior alveolar Canal lies in that it may be positioned at different locations in the mandible, where the mandibular nerve bundle passes through and may be damaged during dental implantation. The researchers characterized the Inferior alveolar Canal in order to avoid injury during the maxillofacial surgery or during dental implant procedures in both sides of the mandible and in both genders and compared the variables in the Sudanese population with those reported in other nations. The study consisted of two hundred and two Orthopantomograms which were collected and analyzed; five measures were selected and studied for right and left sides of the jaw for males and females. The distances were measured in millimeters: distance between superior border of Inferior alveolar Canal and second molar, second premolar and alveolar bone, height of Inferior alveolar Canal and the distance to the mandible border. The collected data were then correlated with age and gender. The results showed that the measured distances were correlated linearly with age in both genders, and no significant differences were detected when comparing both sides of the mandibles in both genders. Significant differences between males and females measurements were detected and also in the Sudanese and other populations. The research has come out with findings that Orthopantomogram is suitable radiological method to characterize the location of Inferior alveolar Canal for Sudanese population as the knowledge about the canal anatomical variations is essential in order to avoid complications during dental surgery or treatment.},
 year = {2013}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Characterization of Inferior Alveolar Canal in Sudanese Populations Using Orthopantomography
AU  - Caroline Edward Ayad
AU  - Zenab Homeda Ali Elhag
AU  - Elsafi Ahmed Abdalla
AU  - Mohammed Elfadil Mohammed
AU  - Samih Kajoak
Y1  - 2013/12/10
PY  - 2013
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmi.20130103.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijmi.20130103.11
T2  - International Journal of Medical Imaging
JF  - International Journal of Medical Imaging
JO  - International Journal of Medical Imaging
SP  - 39
EP  - 44
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-832X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmi.20130103.11
AB  - The importance of Inferior alveolar Canal lies in that it may be positioned at different locations in the mandible, where the mandibular nerve bundle passes through and may be damaged during dental implantation. The researchers characterized the Inferior alveolar Canal in order to avoid injury during the maxillofacial surgery or during dental implant procedures in both sides of the mandible and in both genders and compared the variables in the Sudanese population with those reported in other nations. The study consisted of two hundred and two Orthopantomograms which were collected and analyzed; five measures were selected and studied for right and left sides of the jaw for males and females. The distances were measured in millimeters: distance between superior border of Inferior alveolar Canal and second molar, second premolar and alveolar bone, height of Inferior alveolar Canal and the distance to the mandible border. The collected data were then correlated with age and gender. The results showed that the measured distances were correlated linearly with age in both genders, and no significant differences were detected when comparing both sides of the mandibles in both genders. Significant differences between males and females measurements were detected and also in the Sudanese and other populations. The research has come out with findings that Orthopantomogram is suitable radiological method to characterize the location of Inferior alveolar Canal for Sudanese population as the knowledge about the canal anatomical variations is essential in order to avoid complications during dental surgery or treatment.
VL  - 1
IS  - 3
ER  -

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